The Narrator as Literary Device in “Luck,” by Mark Twain

Mark gallus uses the narrator as a literary device in his short story, Luck. The author jump uses his throw voice to give the story an air of authenticity. He then changes narrators, build on the original air of authenticity to create a chip authentic narrator. By using the literary device of a first soul point of view for both(prenominal) narrators, yoke is able to pull wires not only the actions that take place in the story, but he is also able to manipulate the contributors understanding of, and his or her opinion of, the characters and events in the story.The narrator that an author chooses creates the perspective of the story. The narrator is rarely synonymous with the author however, it is not an unheard of occurrence for the two to be identical. Twain is briefly the narrator of this story, given that he manipulates the readers perspective by declaring this story to be a true one and not a fancy sketch (Twain page).He increases this authenticity by signing his initia ls to the statement, thereby injecting himself into the action of the story. Because this practice is not a common one in fictional stories, although it was much common at the cadence that this story was written than it is now, Twains appearance in his own fictional consummation gives it a suggestion of being a work of nonfiction.The first person narrator that Twain chooses to tell the majority of the story is ostensibly a unnamed reverend, formerly a cornet (second deputy sheriff) in the British phalanx under a lieutenant-general the first narrator gives the pseudonym Scoresby. Simply by setting the fiction of the need for a pseudonym for the lieutenant general, Twain has created the suggestion of literal truth for the story about to follow. The second narrator, however, is an perfidious one.By stating that Scoresbys success comes solely from luck, it is clearly apparent that the clergymans opinion would differ from that of the lieutenant general. There is some apparent mov ement as to why these opinions would differ, at least from the clergymans perspective. objet dart it should come as no surprise that Scoresby would certainly prefer to characterise his success as deriving from skill, the clergyman could have one of tierce contends for having a different opinion. All of these reasons extend from his hold upledge of how Scoresby came to be a member of the military. First, it is possible that Scoresby is truly an inept, but lucky, man.The reader is left to reason for him or herself whether Scoresby could possibly be that fortunate. Twain relies on the knowledge that many another(prenominal) people have had surprising luck in their lives, or know of people who have had such luck. By failing to mention call of real(a) battles and by failing to provide the real name of the lieutenant general in question, the series of events skill seem plausible.Second, clergyman might be operating from a feeling of guilt that he allowed Scoresby to trailer truc k his way into the military without speaking up about his role in that cheat. His guilty feelings might color his perspective on Scoresbys actual successes. After all, having gotten into a military school, it seems logical that Scoresby might have versed some practical knowledge and skills no matter how he came to be enrolled.The narrator appears to be unwilling to acknowledge this fact, however. Finally, the clergyman might be operating from the desire to have his name attached to that of a lucky man. By crediting himself for getting Scoresby into the school while at the same time denigrating the lieutenant generals own skills and knowledge, the clergyman makes himself more important in his own military roleat least in his own eyes.Twain uses the role of the narrator as a literary device for controlling the readers perspective of the battlefield of the story. By injecting a first person narrator into the action of the story, Twain creates a situation whereby the readers percepti on is easily manipulated. Ultimately, however, the reader is left to decide on the authenticity of the story, due to the unreliability of the narrator. In the end, the reader must decide on the actual role of both the narrator and of the possible role of luck over the course of Lieutenant-General Scoresbys career.Work CitedTwain, Mark. Luck. Publication. City Publishing House, date.

Marketing Segmentation Essay

1. Geographical segmentation The foodstuff is divided up according to geographic criteria the like nation, state, religion, countries etc. Geographic data attain accurate profile of specific. For eg in rainy season sells rainy clothing (like raincoat, umbrella etc) 2. Demographic segmentation it divide to the market into groups according to multivariate in age, family, gender, size of family, income of the consumers etc 3. Psychographic segmentation It is a science which use in better understands each consumers according to their life style, personality, value and social-class.I am doing job in Bajaj follow, afterwards this company has monopolised in almost every field either in the field of manufacturing bikes or bulb, tube escape etc. Earlier, the customers were not fond of verities because thither were not in any case some(prenominal) verities in the market and less competitions, but, in present time a huge competition has been taken place that for survive in the ma rket every companies should be update with their products, another(prenominal)wise rival companies will hold them.If we talk about the bike fashion we see that our youngsters like those bikes which essential not be strong in pickup (60 km/h with few minutes) as headspring as good looking at delegacy it looks different from others, besides this, old agers want those bikes which run comfortably that they sit norm on the wholey, to keep this in their mind tout ensemble companies like hero Honda expelling numerous bikes like Hero stunner, CBZ, Karizma for young generations. While, for old agers they released Slender, Passion, CD perforate etc, in same pattern Yamaha release Yamaha R15 which cost is almost Rs. 15,000 in present time, but give a good look which pull in the customers.So, after much look into on these companies, Bajaj Company wants to release much(prenominal) bike series which is not only for young as well as senior can use it, so this company make lots of bi kes Pulsar and discover series for youngsters which not only good looking but also having that price which every customers can afford and advantageously buy the products and it also give good mileage than others companies bike, and from the point of run into senior, whose ages is 40 years and above, they release Platina with self start facilities which is easy in riding.By all these information I want to describe that Bajaj Company segmented it products in various categories according to customers demand thats wherefore this company is going extremely good and successful in satisfy to consumers. If we talking about bulb, tube lights, this company manufactured the bulbs, CFLs, tube lights which not give perfect light but also take few electric automobileity and go long times. Especially CFLs which cost be high school but it work beyond one years and it takes less electricity and give light so much as a 40 watt tube light gives.There are many designs of CFLs has been released in the market which selling is more than bulbs and tube lights. So according to customers choice and free Bajaj Company put down chic CFLs in the market which attract consumers with its designs but also reduce the electric bill of customers and supplies good light over all houses. So like this the company segmented it electric accessories in various styles, according to customers willing and choice. Marketing Plan Marketing fancy is a marketing schema which involves marketing plans for a firms marketing activities.Marketing be after process is process of business planning in marketing plan all the firms keep an eye on all marketing activities as well as competitors and they also come to neck the view of the customers about their products like they are satisfied with their products or not, if not, screw the reason of disliking and what they want improve in the products etc, because satisfaction of consumers is very important, after all whole marketing processes and successes a re depend only upon customers.They are the important part of business. For e. g. if we talking about auto mobile all companies like Hero Honda, Yamaha, Bajaj etc, manufactured general bikes( like Hero Honda released CD 100 later Splendour , Yamaha CX 100 and Bajaj released scooters and later Bajaj Boxer) but, there were some problems and deficiency took place in the bikes like the capacity of the railway locomotive was not good that was giving low mileage, pick up was ordinary and ordinary looks etc, after looking and analysing all problems of customers all companies manufactured those bikes which are giving good mileage, capacity of engine is very good and all are stylish as customers wanted.For e. g. - Bajaj released discover series, pulsar series, Hero Honda released Passion, Passion plus, CBZ, Karizma etc, Yamaha released Yamaha R15 (but it is too costly), TVS manufactured Apache etc. Beside these, all companies also release scooty for college going girls. Because they knew tha t all ladies cant ride the bikes thats why to keep in mind the facilities of girls they produced scooty which is very light with self start facilities, without gears.These products became very commonplace among the girls, not girls even boy also taking ride of the scooty many times. Like this all companies conduct a SWOT (strengths, weakness, opportunities, threats) means they research on the behaviour, likes, dislikes, what are the deficiencies in the product, what else and what new their customers want in their products and what other companies provided to customers and do better than them.

Multistep Synthesis of Benzilic Acid

Multi-Step Synthesis of Benzilic Acid from Benzoin Abstract The main purpose of this essay was to convert a fleckary alcohol to a ketone, utilizing a round the bend and selective oxidizing agent. In addition, this converted alpha diketone was thus subjected to rearrangement to a treat salt, whence acidification, to produce an alpha-hydroxyacid. In this tasteation, benzoin was utilize and converted into benzil, which was accordingly used to synthesize benzillic acid.The dedicates were not ideal . 081g of benzil- a 27. 5% yield . 038g of benzilic acid- a 34. 7% yield. The co-ordinated warming points and IR readings, however, confirmed a spicy degree of purity for each compound 95. 6C for benzil, and 104. 5C for benzilic acid, meager . 632% and . 333% discrepancy from literature visualise, respectively. Finally, the IR concentration frequencies on the attached graphs illustrate the successful removal of the alcohol in the oxidation step and successive return of the alcoh ol/creation of carboxyl acid, following rearrangement. Multistep syntheses are essential to producing complex molecules.This audition illustrated the importance of confirmative intermediary products are pure, by utilizing different proficiencys such as IR and melting point. Below is a diagram of the overall response. First chemical reply Second Reaction Introduction The multistep reaction from Benzoin to Benzillic acid involves quintuple organic chemistry concepts, such as oxidation and rearrangement. The first subroutine of the experiment involves the oxidation of benzoin to benzil, utilizing a mild oxidating agent. The process of oxidation is used in all organic chemistry labs and is essential to a wide variety of discount reactions.In addition, oxidation reactions are essential in the the biochemistry of most living organisms. This experiment also breaks down oxidizing agents into selective and non-selective agents. For this experiments purposes, nitric acid was used, as it is selective towards secondary alcohols, oxidizing them to ketones. The second role of this experiment involves the rearrangement of benzil to benzillic acid or, more generally, the reaction of an alpha-diketone to an alpha-hydroxyacid. This reaction was first conducted by Justus von Liebig in 1838 (1).The basics of this reaction involve the formation of a carboxylate salt from an alpha-diketone acid is past added to produce an aromatic alpha-hydroxyacid. The reaction conducted in this experiment is an essential base step in the subtraction of pharmaceuticals and certain hallucinogenic drugs. The synthesis of Benzil from Benzoin is shown below The above reaction shows the condensed oxidation of benzoin to benzil. The following diagram shows the condensed reaction of benzil to benzillic acid. Rearrangement occurs to form a salt, then the salt is acidified to form benzillic acid.Once the products of each step were obtained- benzil and benzillic acid- their melting points and IR readings were obtained. These two measurements were used to prove that the correct product was formed without all impurities. One of the major risks in this experiment is loss of product by multiple filtrations. To minimize this problem, the filtration steps should be carefully and slowly executed. This ensures that the least amount of reactants are lost. In addition, re vitreous silica can occur too chop-chop if a hot ascendant is directly placed in an internal-combustion engine bath, forgoing impurities to be trapped within the precipitates crystal latt churl.To stay off this, the firmness of purposes should be given ample time to cool it to room temperature ahead adding the resolving powers to an ice bath. These precautions were taken to try to reach our goal of a high share yield of product with little to no impurities. There were no new techniques used in this experiment, however there were old techniques used to provide information/obtain a product. The first techn ique was crystallization which was useful to obtain a substantiality product that can then be purified. An early(a) old technique utilized was filtration, via hirsch funnel shape and vacuum. This technique was used to obtain a purified product, removing impurities.Once the final substantial product was obtained in both reactions the melting point procedure was used to determine the take aim of remaining impurity of the final product, comparing the experimental and expected values found in literature. In conjunction with the melting point procedure, infrared frequency spectroscopy was used to reveal the different functional groups of the products. In other words, the IR machine indicates whether our final product matches up with the desired one, matching carbonyl and alcohol absorption peaks (or the lack thereof) to their theoretical front line (either benzil or benzillic acid).Procedure 1. 5ml of nitric acid was added to . 30g of benzoin in a conical ampoule with a stir vane. The diverseness was then heated in a 70 degree Celsius water system bath, while stirred, for one hour. The mixing in the conical vial was then cooled to room temperature and, using a pipette, the solution was transferred to a beaker containing 4ml of ice water. The mixture slowly crystallize in the beaker and the crystallized product was filtered on a hirsch funnel with vacuum. 5 ml of refrigerating water was used to wash the product and then the product was allowed to dry.The solid product was then collected from the funnel and added to a hot 95% ethanol solution in an Erlenmeyer flask and completely dissolved. Once the solid was dissolved completely, the solution was allowed to cool to room temperature. Once yellow crystals formed, the solution was placed into an ice bath. The product was then collected and filtered again on a hirsch funnel with vacuum. The product was then washed with ice arctic 95% ethanol. Once completely dried, the crystals were weighed and the final cr apper, percent yield, melting point, and IR reading of the crystallized product measured/calculated. one hundredg of benzil and . 30ml of ethanol were mixed in a conical vial.The solution in the conical vial was then heated to about 100 degrees celsius until the benzil dissolved. Then . 25ml of potassium hydroxide was added dropwise to the vial. The mixture was then heated to 110 degrees for 15 minutes, then allowed to slowly cool to room temperature. The product was transferred with a pipette to a 10ml beaker and cooled in an ice bath for 15 minutes. 1ml bands of ethanol were added once crystallized and filtered. The product was then transferred to a 10ml beaker with 70C water, allowing the product to dissolve. 0. ml of HCL acid was added dropwise and the mixture was allowed to cool and then transferred to an ice bath. The crystals were collected on a hirsch funnel and washed with 4ml of cold ice water.The crystals were dried and collected for final mass, percent yield, melting p oint, and IR reading. Results and Discussion Table 1 Mass and submarine sandwich Quantity of fetching and Synthesized Materials Percentage give birth and Both Experimental and metaphysical Melting details of Products and Percent Discrepancy Compound Mass (g) Quantity (mol x10-4) % riposte M. P. EXP (C) M. P. THEO (C) % D Benzoin 0. 298 14 - - - - Benzil Yield 0. 081 3. 5 27. 50% 95. 6 95. 0 0. 632% Benzil Start 0. 1001 4. 76 - - - Benzilic Acid Yield 0. 038 1. 67 34. 97% 149. 5 150 0. 333% The initial mass of benzoin and its yield of benzil in the first part of the experiment, as well as the starting mass of benzil and its yield of benzilic acid in the second part.Note that the yield from part 1 was not the same amount used at the start of part 2. Also shown the converted molar quantity of each mass and match percent yield for the two synthesized compound, as well as their experimental and theoretical melting points and percent discrepancy between these values. As noted, the Start weight of Benzil- in row 3 of Table 1- differs from the Yield weight- in row 2. The yield, itself, was not used in the second part of this experiment the synthesis of benzilic acid from benzil. Furthermore, an error occurred in the second portion of the experiment and very little acid product was salvaged thus, the yield shown for benzilic acid is entropy that has been shared from another synthesis (this product yield was from _____ and his lab partner). Additionally, this resource product was the one used in determining a melting point. Graph 1 illustrates the successful oxidation of benzil, as the alcohol has been eliminated. As expected, it also retains a good peak at 1657cm-1, indicating the carbonyl groups face in the diketone, although this is a slightly lower absorption than expected. Graph 2 also presents a successful synthesis, as a relatively strong and somewhat broad peak appears around 3390cm-1, suggesting the reemergence of an alcohol and potential presence o f the carboxylic acid that the peak at 1715cm-1 remains strong, confirms his.SAMPLE CALCULATIONS numeration of Benzil Percent Yield Moles BenzilMoles Benzoin=. 081g? 210. 23g/mol. 298g? 212. 24g/mol=3. 85? 10-4mol14. 0? 10-4mol=0. 275? 100%=27. 5% Calculation of Benzilic Acid Percent Yield Moles Benzilic AcidMoles Benzil=. 0380? 228. 25g/mol. 1001? 210. 23g/mol=1. 67? 10-4mol4. 76? 10-4mol=0. 3497? 100%=34. 97% Calculation of Percent Discrepancy in Benzil Melting presage %D=xTHEO-xEXPxTHEO? 100%= 95. 0? -95. 6? 95. 0? =. 00632&215100%=0. 32% Calculation of Percent Discrepancy in Benzilic Acid Melting Point %D=xTHEO-xEXPxTHEO? 100%= 150. 0? -149. 5? 150. 0? =. 0033&215100%=0. 33% Both steps of this experiments synthesis are considered successful. though not in the desired quantities, a product of benzil was obtained from benzoin and that of benzoic acid from benzil. The initial step, synthesis of benzil, resulted in a yield of 27. 5%, despite an encouragingly smooth synthesis. The s ynthesis may have called for a second, more thorough recrystallization to appeal this yield.The recrystallization was performed correctly however, the mixture was likely not allowed to cool at an ideally slow rate. It was removed from the hot place and, shortly thereafter, transferred to the ice bath- likely, before it had calmed to room temperature. This could have interrupted the efficiency for the product to crystallize without impurities being trapped within its lattice. During the second portion of this experiment, a known, pure quantity of benzil was used to synthesize a 34. 97% yield of benzilic acid. This small yield is likely also due to factors confusable to the aforementioned.Additionally, the recorded yield was shared from another synthesis the original synthesis performed yielded too small and impure an amount of product to effectively determine a melting point and I. R. spectra. This failure may certainly be attributed to an error during the recrystallization, prior to the initial filtration. Proper care was taken to allow the solution to cool very slowly during this second recrystallization. Unfortunately, once the solution was transferred to the ice bath, a large chunk of ice crystals somehow pelt over the lip of the flask and into the mixture. Being that the intermediate was relatively water

Perception and Decision Making

It is impossible to live a life that does not charter the abstract concept of lore. Perception is essenti ally how throng perceive learning in relationship to their personal environment and then mildew a set of beliefs or opinions from verbalise informations.In the business world, worry is needed to stupefy finales. While a long deal of the conclusiveness qualification offset would appear to be ground on empirical features, the populace is that lore of fact as opposed to actual fact is frequently the barometer used to make purposes.Because different individuals whitethorn have different perceptions on the same issue, it turn everyplaces very burning(prenominal) for animal trainers to base their finales on critical cerebration and facts so as to avoid the po decennarytial problem of qualification finalitys on perceptions that are not entirely accurate.The idea that true ingenuousness is never truly graspable by humans sensory and cognitive equipment goes back at least to the works of Plato. on that point is, for display case, the distinction between appearances and reality. Show a three-year-old a red ball beneath a green pervade and he go forth typically say that the ball is black, even though he had previously been given the ball to erectvas.Understanding of this appearance-reality distinction put unrivaled acrossms so necessary to everyday life that it is hard to imagine a hunting lodge in which normal nation would not acquire it. But the lesson is relatively advanced historically, such as the lesson of perspective in painting, or the intended designing of optical illusions (such as the Ponzo illusion), or in the differing testimonies of eye-witnesses of the same event. The fact is that we all do not perceive the same things alike. (Kearl)If thither was angiotensin converting enzyme caveat ab scrape up in perception, perception is not necessarily reality. Perception is a persons interpretation of reality that may or may not be completely accurate, if it is accurate at all. Because of this, it is all important(p) for focusing toascertain reality, as opposed to a perceptual reality or a problematic situation superpower be the top.What sets gigantic leaders apart is their ability to manage perceptions. What people observe or assess as your ability to be a leader and your effectiveness be coiffures their perception, which in turn flexs reality. Perceptions that are not manages become rumors, then gossip, then backbiting, which leads to destruction. Unmanaged perceptions become a reality that was not intended. Perception circumspection requires asking questions and get feedback from othersFor example, oftentimes, management will ask other employees for a report on a new hire. This is a terrible idea because second reach out tuition can often be skewed and it is surpass for management to make decisions based on first hand experience earlier than second hand experience, yet carriages will repeatedly make such an extremely foolish error.Consider the following a manager asks an employee how a new hire is performing. The employee speaks very badly about the performance of the new hire so the manager fires the employee. This is based on a perception of the new hire based on second hand information that has been deemed accurate. However, not all is what it seems.When the new hire is fired, well-nighthing comes to light that turns out to be very embarrassing to management. The employee who standd the poor military rank of the new hire turns out to have based the negative report not on the truth, just now rather on discriminatory biases. The terminate employee later files EEO complaints and efforts against the alliance, all of which proves to be incredibly embarrassing to the management, if not costly.What was the root cause of this disaster? management drew a perception of the employee that was not based on reality. Because there was no first hand data that wrought the perception, the perception that was shaped was iodine that was not based in reality. In short, perception is dead useless if it is inaccurate because it will lead to decisions that come from a well flawed perspective. If the perception is harmful, then what good can possibly come from it?This magnificence for the empirical assessment of facts in the decision qualification process works on both an internal and external level, as it is important that management decisions provide customers with what the customers actually want. Again, the need for proper feedback plays a great factor in this.In other words, it is of absolute paramount importance for management to understand what their customers want. Again, there will be a perception as to what customers want vs. what they actually want. If management becomes single minded and think on what customers want and that perception is inaccurate, the results can be cataclysmic. Nothing more famously illustrates this problem more that the total misadventure of New Coke in the 1980s.Believing that the public was more interested in Pepsi because of its sweeter taste, the Coca-Cola Company believed that the public would be willing to accept a new type of Coke that would taste similar to Pepsi. This was one of the approximately insanely inaccurate perceptions of consumer desire in historyIn reality (not perceptually), the public was not interested in a form of Coca-Cola that tasted like Pepsi nor did Coca-Cola do itself any favors by essentiallycommunicating that Pepsi had a superior product. The campaign was a complete and total disaster and it was the result of poor perception of the consumer market on the part of Coca-Cola.So, what is a manager to do when it comes to fashioning sure that perception and proper decision make go hand in hand?Arguably the most unenviable and critical step in the decision making process is to point and clarify the problem or issue. Pressed for time and feeling a sense of urgency, governance leaders often rush through this step. An half(prenominal) diagnosis or assessment restricts a boards capacity to expand options and tell apart the most appropriate one. Without proper attention paid to this step, boards may come up with a solution that fails to address the etiology of the problem. (Scott)Again, the key to making a proper decision is to manage perception and the key to managing perception involves staying properly informed. If anything, a flawed perception is one that is based on limited or inaccurate information as seen in the type of new Coke or in the hypothetical case of the terminated employee. Ultimately, decision making will unceasingly be based on personal perceptions, just now the more informed a manager is, the proximate the managers perception will be to actual reality and not aligned to ignorance or flawed logic.While this seems like an faculty member point, managers can often approach a problem with blinders on based on pers onal biases in the decision making process. Regardless of what decision one makes, it will fall into the category or either a good decision or a bad decision. If flawed, then management must face the consequences.BibliographyKearl, Michael. (DB) Social Factors Shaping Perception and finding making.Retrieved February 17, 2007 from http//www.trinity.edu/mkearl/socpsy-5.htmlRussell, Jefffrey. (2001) atomic number 18 You Managing Perception? Retrieved February 17,2007Scott, Katherine Tyler. (2006) The Dynamics of Decision Making. Retrieved February16, 2007Perception and Decision MakingDecision making occurs when one chooses a choice among reasonable alternatives. Perception is a very important component of the decision making system. In a psychological perspective perception can best be draw as the process of inquiring, processing, and organizing information necessary to make a decision. Or in other words perception can be prognosis as ones thoughts on a situation. When one is in th e midst of a decision making situation they need to judge all factors voluminous and make a decision, which will hopefully be reasonable and satisfactory. Decision making is a unique tool that is inquired over the course of time. Students can learn about logic, philosophy, and psychology. They can understand the concepts bed decision making, but they must first have the fortune to make important decisions themselves to fully understand the process (Randall, 2004, pp. 10-24).A leadership expert Anthony Robbins said as a manager, however, your decision not only effects yourself but all the employees on your team. For this reason, it is important to strengthen your own decision making skills and prepare for a time when your decisions will shape the events of many peoples lives (Making Decisions). In the simulation as the newly promoted manager I had the opportunity to assist the senior manager in very important decisions including reprimanding an employee, a hiring situation, to cr eate an employee evaluation system, and look into an ethical dilemma which could make or loss millions of dollars for the company.Each of these situations requires perception to take a route to the final decision making process. Management in organizations today is largely people management. If people are the important asset, effectiveness is related to how managers perceive the individual how people relate to one another how we get maximum contribution how we go about changing from a situation which is seen to be ineffective to one that chinks high standards of performance(Randall, 2004, p. 46). Today we will evaluate the situations these three situations and examine perception in the decision making process and how the perception from a new managers viewpoint could effect these decisions (Making Decisions).The first situation involved Mark, a long term employee who had been tardy for work for the past week. There were many different decisions that could be made to come to a d ecisiveness about Marks tardiness including, bring this to the attention of Marks coworker and ask their thoughts on the situation, checking Marks employment records, check all employee time records, speak with Mark individually, or take this to Sarah for advice. In this instance I believe it is best to speak to Mark by himself and see what is going on. Bringing undesired attention to an employee by a manager is never a good route to go so this should be avoided at all costs.Also taking a trivial problem to a manager can be looked down upon. At this point by and by one week of tardiness sneaking a peak at the records might be helpful but going straight to the source is the best decision as we all have personal issues that arise. Plus by informally addressing Mark you are letting him know he can come to you and that you can see eye to eye on some matters. It is important to build relationships with employees (Making Decisions).The decision to hire the interviewee, Berk, is an import ant decision for the company. Berk carried himself well during the interview, had enthusiasm, and similar skills to those needed in the near future. Although Berk did a great job in the interview all of his abilities and skills need to be evaluated to ensure he is right for the position. In this situation I perceived Berk as highly intelligent and skilled. I did not look further to sack his skills are not what the company needs. I let my impression of Berk guide my perception of his eligibility for the job in a decreed way. This is important to not in decision making situations. Perception may not always work in your favor (Making Decisions).Creating an employee evaluation system as a reward system is a great idea. Employee evaluation should intromit job performance, attitudes, helpfulness, dedication, and team work abilities. The perception of how valuable an employee is to a company can be skewed for many reasons. The creation of an effective evaluation system will greatly con tribute to seeing employees for what they truly hand for the company. I believe that this six step system will greatly help reward the best employee (Making Decisions).The last decision is one of ethical nature. An employee has come to me to let me know she has secretly obtained the designs of our biggest competitor. If we take the designs we will have the opportunity to create something better and make more money than our competitors. The downfall is getting caught. This will cause a multimillion dollar lawsuit and will destroy the company as we know it. Although the idea of making lots of money is very attractive it is necessary to take a breath and step back to evaluate this situation. Perception is very important in this decision making process as perceived victory and wealth can ultimately alter a reasonable persons decision making abilities.All aspects of the perceived or likely consequences of acting on this go need to be taken into consideration before a decision can be m ade (Making Decisions). There are ten values the core of ethical understanding caring, honesty, accountability, promise keeping, pursuit of excellence, loyalty, fairness, integrity, maintain for others, and responsible citizenship. When put into practice, these values generate widely recognized virtues that provide benchmarks for ethical decision making (Guy, 1990, p. 17). Perception constitutes everything necessary to make a decision. Perceived values and prior experiences help give one sixth sense into the types of decisions they choose to make. Perception of situations can be influenced in either positive or negative ways. Having a mentor such as Sarah bountiful constructive feedback with each decision helps my views on each situation become clearer. Managers make decisions based on perception of people, influences, and support system close to them. Perception of all of these concepts is vital.ReferencesGuy, M. E. (1990). Ethical Decision Making in occasional Work Situations . Westport, CT Quorum Books. Retrieved March 25, 2007, from Questia database http//www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15127472Randall, J. (2004). Managing Change, Changing Managers. New York Routledge. Retrieved March 25, 2007, from Questia database http//www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=107489181 Making Decisions in Business Situations. Western International University. 26 Mar. 2007 <http//corptrain.phoenix.edu/wiu/mgt340/launch01.html>.

Juliet †Baz Luhrmann production Essay

Romeo imposems same a passionate, romantic and excitable child standardized man. He seems to like the idea of being in spang, although I would project the lookingings he has for Juliet begin tho as infatuation and grow passim the balcony prospect. In the fountain of the word picture Romeo is visualised as unconquerable, wary and perchance a little frightened as he knocks over furniture and scrambles up the trellis. His eyeball argon continuously d prowessing around and you bum about a maven of desperation because he is panting.When he climbs the trellis in the foretaste of seeing Juliet but discovers the nurse instead, his facial expression turns from one of relish and longing, to one of utter disgust and horror. When Romeo scurries down the trellis, his demeanour is hurried and move and we get a sense of urgency as he holds his breath. When Juliet appears from the elevator, he is flattered that she is speaking of him O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo? A fter a short part he begins to shadow her, seemingly taken aback by her affectionate remarks and breathtaking beauty.Romeo seems almost intoxicated by Juliet he continuously gazes loggerheaded into her eyes and follows her very closely throughout the photograph. When he kisses her although tenderly, I get a sense of hunger and passion he is smitten by every develop, which seems to make his infatuation grow. However, he excessively shows foolish bravado in the swimming crime syndicate when he shouts, thy kinsmen be no stop to me. Romeos character in this film likewise outlines how free and rash he is, as he does not intention when Juliet proposes marriage, but instead smiles dreamily into her eyes.He seems devastated when they shake off to part savour goes toward fuck as schoolboys from their books, but love from love, toward school with heavy looks. Romeo is in love with the idea of love and during the course of the painting he is limned as romantic and passionate but excessively appears to be irrational, impulsive and desperate because he is so agreeable. Karen Clark twenty-seventh October 2003 Romeo & Juliet Baz Luhrmann Production 1(i) Characters and Characteristics Juliet Capulet Juliet seems like a thoughtful, sensible and virtual(a) young girl.When she enters the scene we see her deep in thought. It is soon obvious that she is quite upset as she leans against the statue with her sof dickensod on her hip and a look of dismay on her lay out as she says Ay me Juliets body actors line expresses her annoyance her arms are folded when she talks about rebelling against their family touchs Whats in a name? That which we call a rose by any other word would smell as sweet Although when she remarks Doff thy name her expression and terminology has changed and become quite dreamy.In this section of the scene we also see the child in Juliet When she says nor any other part belonging to a man she almost laughs, as a child would laugh with impoverished embarrassment about a mans anatomy. She appears frightened but practical and dwells on the word death in the sentence And the place death, con lookring who thou art she pushes him in desperation under the water when a security safe-conduct appears to check that all is well, then smiles sweetly at the guard until he emerges. When they engage in their first kiss you see Juliet close her eyes in anticipation, she gently caresses his face before pushing him away in embarrassment.Again, during this section of the scene we see the inquisitive child in Juliet as she almost whispers Dost thy love me? it shows how young and immature she is, she is looking for confirmation of his love and looks at Romeo the way a child would look at her puzzle for approval. When Romeo asks O wilt thou leave me so unsatisfied? her repartee is one of anger and shock as she replies What satisfaction canst thou deem tonight? the expression on her face is one of annoyance and disbelief, I me an that this is the only time throughout the scene that she may heading his love for her.Juliet is a very capable young lady who actually believes she is in love with Romeo during the scene she is portrayed as a shy, nai?? ve and indigent child, but also appears to be a very determined, sensible and practical young lady. Karen Clark 27th October 2003 Romeo & Juliet Baz Luhrmann Production 1(ii) Dramatic Devices In the commence of the scene we see Romeo climbing the orchard wall in cut darkness, but when he enters the swimming pool area the fairy lights bring in the immediate vicinity, coupled with the floral trellis this makes the setting quite romantic.You get a sense of the era because the house is traditional in style, from the honest continental windows to the ageing balusters on the balcony. The size of the house, together with the straw man of a swimming pool give ways the impression that Juliet comes from a very bounteous background. The costumes seem appropriate for the period Juliet wears a simple plain snow-w namee dress, possibly portraying virginity and virtuosity and Romeo wears the costume of a knight, which could signify valour and gallantry. In contrast we see the security guard sporting a very innovational outfit complete with baseball cap, earpiece and headset.The unison utilize throughout the scene is somewhat soft and subtle, although at times it becomes a little bit eerie and has a sense of mystery. The majority of the scene is quite close and the camera angles depict this, although the shot of the Virgin bloody shame through the curtains and the dropping of the cross on the chain deliver a sense of foreboding. Most of the scene takes place in the swimming pool rather than on the balcony and this is dramatised by Romeo and Juliet falling into the pool on two occasion and the subsequent underwater scenes. Karen Clark 27th October 2003 Romeo & Juliet.Baz Luhrmann Production 1(iii) Themes The theme of the film flat tells of a forbidden love, this is shown with Romeos movements at the beginning of the scene He is skulking around in the shadows, panicking when he smashes a statue and hiding when he thinks someone may have heard him. well-nigh other examples of the prohibition are when Juliet addresses the outrage her family would have upon the discovery of Romeo in the orchard and when the security guard appears to check that all is well and Juliet immediately submerges Romeo in the swimming pool in an attempt to conceal him.From Juliets aspect we perceive her first love, she gently caresses Romeo wherever possible and we feel a sense of longing and anticipation, possibly because she may feel disloyal and treacherous towards her family if she continues with the alliance. Lust plays a large part during this scene, although you get the sense that Romeo believes he is in love with Juliet, at the beginning of the scene while he is still hiding, you get the impression that Romeo wants to touch and be k nowing with Juliet from the expression on his face and his body language.There is also a sense of impending doom, earlier in the scene Juliet says I have no joy of this contract tonight, it is to a fault rash, too unadvised, too sudden, too like the whitening, which doth cease to be, this could mean that once lightening has taken with(p) all that remains is an empty space and charred remnants of what once was, therefore lightening may strike because of the family feud and if they continue to love each other they will cease to exist. Karen Clark.27th October 2003 Romeo & Juliet Baz Luhrmann Production 1(iv) My Response The balcony scene in the Baz Luhrmann production of Romeo and Juliet is in my judicial decision inadequate. It does not seem to portray Romeo and Juliet as young lovers and the setting is too modern for the Shakespearean language. Had the terminology been translated to modern text the film would have been a massive hit as the story of Romeo and Juliet is still e xtremely relevant in our modern society.In my view the actors did not do the characters any fittingice, their faces were not spare enough and they appeared to be much older than we believed Romeo and Juliet to be. I expected the scene to be quite romantic and was most disappointed and quite tire very early into the scene. I get the impression from the scene that Juliet is uncomplete virginal nor innocent she seems to know what she wants and has a very adult like way of getting it. She is practical, calm and pushy, more like a manipulative woman than an innocent child.Although in the scene we do see aspects of Juliets inner child, like when she innocently asks Dost thy love me? she is seems to be seeking assurances as a child would We also see a mature and positive young lady, from the way she reacts to his plea of dissatisfaction to the way she kisses him so lust mounty and skilfully. If she were a child at the age of 13 or 14, I would feign that the physical aspect of their relationship would be pretty new to her and she would be very clumsy, awkward and uncomfortable.On at least two occasions during the course of the scene she pushes him away and then captivates him again, and in my opinion only a more mature and experienced woman would do this, not an innocent child who has met her first love. Romeo is portrayed as a determined and desperate young man, although we see what seems to be romance during the scene, I believe that Romeo is only infatuated with Juliet. I get the impression that all he wants to do is appease her so that he can return to her sleeping accommodation to be more intimate. When he says, O wilt thou leave me so unsatisfied? the reply that he really wants to hear is permit us depart to the bedroom and seal our vow of love so he is taken aback with her reply. The way Romeo looks at Juliet throughout the scene is more lustful and hungry than loving and romantic and in my opinion although I would expect this of a 15 or 16 yr old boy , the story is meant to be one of love and the balcony scene is the icon of this love, instead of desperation Luhrmann should have played more towards the romantic side of Romeo rather than the overbearing and ingratiating character he is portrayed as.Karen Clark 27th October 2003 Romeo & Juliet Baz Luhrmann Production 2 Imagery In Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare uses a material body of languages for various purposes throughout the balcony scene we see many different linguistic devices including fables, metaphors and oxymorons. These devices are used to build a picture of the scene and also show Shakespeares talent as a playwright.The language of love is particularly powerful within the balcony scene O speak again, talented angel, for thou art as glorious to this night, being oer my head as a winged messenger of heaven Shakespeare uses this simile to describe how beautiful Juliet is, he compares Juliet to an angel because she appears at the window preceding(prenominal) Romeo and is silhouetted by the lamp light from within.Later in the scene Shakespeare uses a metaphor to describe how Juliet recognises Romeos voice, even though they have only just met My ears have yet not drunk a hundred quarrel of thy tongues uttering, yet I know the sound. In my opinion this metaphor adds warmth and a strong sense of feeling and atmosphere. alliteration is used several times throughout the scene The orchard walls are high and hard to climb and How silver-sweet sound lovers tongues by night, like softest music to attending ears This adds emphasis and significance to the descriptions. Towards the end of the scene there are two oxymorons in close proximity, both spoken by Juliet, So loving-jealous of his liberty and Parting is such sweet sorrow Although contradictory, they give importance to the statements. You may also note that Romeos final dustup is delivered as poetic imagery, which is especially effective in portraying love. both(prenominal) of Shakespeares imag ery presents popular representations of that era.At the time, religion was very important, so by including religious imagery, for example Juliet appearing angelic, it portrays Romeo and Juliets love as heavenly and beautiful, something that was fated or meant to be. Shakespeares natural ability for the language of love is astounding and impressive and he applies this with unmistakable talent. Without Shakespeares competency with rhyme and imagery, the dialect would never have been so rich. The language of Shakespeare is full of humour, insults, irony and word play and is a joy to observe and a delight to study.

EDocs Study Questions Essay

This case concerns the dialogue of a chance capital placement between Charles River Ventures (CRV) and the founders of eDocs. eDocs (Kevin Laracey) and CRV (Jonathan Guerster) must resolve what foothold they would wish to negotiate. Negotiation roles are holdn in an accompanying spread tacking. Please revaluation the study questions ( pageboy 2) and the poll questions (pages 3 and 4) I all(a)ow for mapping these questions as a basis for class discussion. The point of the poll questions is to force spate to think specifically about trading off deal damage for price, and to see how these tradeoffs vary across teams. Statistics from the poll results will be discussed in class.In your case memorandum, divert include a status sheet signed by i member of each team. Please kick in sure that the term sheets from both sides of the transaction match. It is not necessary to be sick the finished term sheet for the case instead, you can sign an revise term sheet that includes barely the provisions that nurse changed from the master please also include any amendments to the ground discussed in Guersters earn to Laracey (page 22 of the case). If the teams could not reach an agreement, please say this explicitly in your case memo. The memos should include all the answers to the poll questions for your team (pages 3 and 4) and approximately logical support for these answers.These poll questions are effectively the starred (*) questions for this memo. You are also free to answer/discuss any of the study questions (see page 2) or any other issues that were important in your negotiation. Grades on these memos will depend on the logical coherence of your negotiating strategy and answers to the poll questions (as expound in the memo) and may depend on the relative success of your negotiation (judged vs. other teams). It is possible to negotiate against intransigent counterparties, come to no agreement, and hitherto explain this well and write an excellen t case memo. Please reverberate your memos to be no more than five pages (not including the term sheet). A well-written memo of three pages beats a rambling five-page memo any day. at that place are two sets of poll questions one set for the eDocs team and one set for the CRV team. I apologize for stating the obvious, but here it goes eDocs teams should answer only the eDocs poll and CRV teams should answer only the CRV poll.eDocsA startup e-commerce company is aspect for its first-round of venture capital. A prominent VC is interested, and the parties must bargain over terms and price.1) Is eDocs a good fit for CRV? If you were CRV, is this the kind of company you want to invest in?2) Is CRV a good fit for eDocs? If you were eDocs, is this the kind of VC you want as an early-stage investor?3) What are the most contentious terms for negotiation?4) (*) How did your team decide on the relative shelter of these terms? 5) With the experience of this negotiation croup you, how wo uld you fork over handled it differently?Poll Questions eDocsNOTE at that place is not retributory one correct answer for any of these questions, so dont go crazy trying to figure it out. Also, for Questions 2 and 3, we do not expect any specific quantitative analysis. there are, however, good reasons why you might care more or little about the issues raised(a) in all of the questions please discuss these reasons in your memo and use them to guide your answers. One thing that is true all of your answers to these questions should have X greater than or equal to $1. If you want to give an answer less(prenominal) than $1, then you are misunderstanding the question.1) You have make a counter continue to CRV that eliminates the company describe in the liquidation section of the term sheet. That is, you have brooked that CRV cave in $1 per dole out for regular convertible preferred commonplace with no participation feature. They counter with an offer of $X per share plot of gr ound belongings the participation option. What is the lowest value of X for which you would be volition to permit them adjudge participation? 2) You have made a counteroffer to CRV that accelerates the vesting as described in the Founders Stock, Options & Vesting section of the term sheet. That is, you have offered the same terms as the original spreadsheet, except that founders shares vest immediately. CRV counters with an offer of $X per share turn keeping the same vesting instrument. What is the lowest value of X for which you would be instinctive to let them keep the original schedule?3) You have made a counteroffer to CRV that adds Kris Canekeratne to the Board of Directors. CRV, concerned that the circuit board would be as well large, counters with an offer of $X per share eon keeping the same board composition as in the original term sheet. What is the lowest value of X for which you would be willing to let them keep the original board composition?4) Guerste rs letter to Laracey (page 22 of case) includes a status under which CRV will receive extra warrants if they finance the entire round. You have made a counteroffer that removes this provision. CRV counters with an offer of $X per share while keeping the extra warrant condition. What is the lowest value of X for which you would be willing to let them keep this condition?Poll Questions CRVNOTE There is not just one correct answer for any of these questions, so dont go crazy trying to figure it out. Also, for Questions 2 and 3, we do not expect any specific quantitative analysis. There are, however, good reasons why you might care more or less about the issues raised in all of the questions please discuss these reasons in your memo and use them to guide your answers. One thing that is true all of your answers to these questions should have X greater than or equal to $1. If you want to give an answer less than $1, then you are misunderstanding the question.1) eDocs has made a counterof fer to you that eliminated the participation described in the liquidation section of the term sheet. That is, they have offered that you pay $1 per share for regular convertible preferred stock with no participation feature. You are preparing to counter with an offer of $X per share while keeping the participation option. What is the highest value of X you would be willing to offer in order keep the participation?2) eDocs has made a counteroffer to you that accelerates the vesting as described in the Founders Stock, Options & Vesting section of the term sheet. That is, they have offered the same terms as the original spreadsheet, except that founders shares vest immediately. You are preparing to counter with an offer of $X per share while keeping the same vesting schedule. What is the highest value of X you would be willing to offer in order to keep the original vesting schedule?3) eDocs has made a counteroffer to CRV that adds Kris Canekeratne to the Board of Directors. You are concerned that the board would be too large and are preparing to counter with an offer of $X per share while keeping the same board composition as in the original term sheet. What is the highest value of X you would be willing to offer in order to keep the board composition as described in the term sheet? 4) Guersters letter to Laracey (page 22 of case) includes a condition under which CRV will receive extra warrants if they finance the entire round. eDocs has made a counteroffer that removes this provision. You are preparing to counter with an offer of $X per share while keeping the extra warrant condition. What is the highest value of X you would be willing to offer in order to keep this condition?

A1 Steak Sauce Essay

1) How would you qualify the A1 Steak do business?In 1830, Henderson William Brand, chef to England King George developed a act that so delight the king he proclaimed it to be A1. The carrefour was archetypical sold in North America in the premature 1900s. Kraft Foods acquired A1 in 2000 as part of its acquisition of Nabisco. Kraft Foods was the largest victuals company in the United States and second largest in the world. Kraft Foods intimately direct competitors were General Mills, Unilever, Pepsico and Nestle.In 2002, A1 had a 54% dollar dispense of the Steak Sauce Market Shares with an 83 percent gross profit margin. dissemination of A1 stretched across the United States with the fruit available in every grocery store store. Kraft Foods spent 15 percent of its direct revenue on A1 advertising. Revenue on A1 Steak Sauce was about $150 million and operating profit was approximately $60 million. A1s 2003 plan anticipated apartment revenue and slight profit growth.2) Why is Lawrys prepareing a steak sauce product? Explain.In 2002, Lawrys was owned by Unilever matchless of Kraft Foods leading competing food companies with brand sales in purposeless of $100 million and a strong position in seasoner and marinades. In early 2003, Unilever announced plans to launch a Lawrys Steak Sauce with a ship date of April 1st and a price per bottle $1.00 less than A1. Unilevers decision to launch a steak sauce product was based on disappointing financial results in recent years. Unilever launched a new strategic plan program called Path to Growth. A key element of this program was rationalizing its brand portfolio focusing on the largest world-wide brands. The company challenged all of its brands including Lawry to reach annual sales of at to the lowest degree one billion dollars.3) Should A1 Steak Sauce defend itself against the Lawrys launch? If not, wherefore not? If yes, why and how? Discuss. Jennifer Miller, Smiths research manager bid of you kno w A1 has the strongest brand equity in the category, its virtually unaccessible. I dont agree and feel her comment is unrealistic, nothing is untouchable. I would recommend that A1 defend against Lawrys Steak Sauce launch scheduled for April 1st, other A1 could puzzle they are losing market shares and trying to play catch up. In my opinion A1 has a choice to compete head-to-head with Lawrys 2 for $5.00 deal launching on April 1st or sit spur and hope that consumer dont switch to the Lawrys Steak Sauce. Either personal manner A1 will have to spend money to remain dominant and matched in the steak sauce market.4) What are the competitive and financial implications of defending or not depending against the Lawrys launch? Lawry is scheduled to launch their new steak sauce of April 1st at $1.00 less than the A1 sauce and Publix is ready to give Lawry the archives Day week promotion which is normally 10 percent of A1 yearbook Sales. If Lawry, does gain 10 percent of the steak sauce market and customers like the taste, spontaneous to pay the reduced price regardless of taste or targett really tell the difference in taste from A1, customers susceptibility continue to buy the Lawrys Steak Sauce for the $1.00 cheaper bottle. Lawrys Steak Sauce launch could allow them to gain and increase in Lawrys share in the steak sauce market.5) What did you learn from your analysis of this case? Explain. A1 Steak Sauce was invented in 1830 and first sold in North America in the early 1900s. In 2003, over 100 years later, A1 Steak Sauce finally had potential ambition with the launch of Lawrys Steak Sauce. I feel that Kraft Foods should have be after for such a contingency that to me was inevitable. If they had planned, the company could have properly budgeted, by chance with a contingency type fund within the marketing department. For example, at present where are reel-to-reel tapes, 8 track tapes and cassette tapes, all have become noncurrent with improvement s in technology. To further illustrate in the food industry, try to find Pitter Patter peanut butter cookies made by Keebler which were out marketed by Nabiscos Nutter Butter peanut butter cookies. Nothing is untouchable or lasts forever

Positive Child Guidance (Managing Challenging Behaviour – Tantrums and Biting)

Focus It is outstanding to remember that almost all young electric s assumerren display stages of in countenance or challenge behaviors such as biting, tantrums, clinging or hitting at mingled clock in their schooling. These conducts ar usually short-lived and typically modify with guidance and age. There ar some tykeren, however, whose contend doingss may add and result in injury to self or others, ca commit misuse to property, interfere with acquiring new skills and/or social isolation.This report investigates the workable causes for challenge behaviors (focusing primarily on tantrums and biting) in babys, toddlers and young infantren and positive child guidance strategies that ar essential as the basis for intervention and prevention. It is Copernican to intervene in such a counsel that captivate, pro-social behaviors atomic number 18 taught, modeled, and reinforced to command lifelong success. 18 June 2011 J M Badenhorst-Awasthi ID 20090950 Introduction On average virtually 10 % of children younger than five display repugn behaviours (Tremblay, 2000).There has been an increase of children exhibiting challenging behaviours serious enough for parents and tea leafchers to get concerned virtually disrupting family functioning and classroom routines (Powell, Dunlap and Fox, 2006). It is necessary for parents and instillers (adults) to work collaboratively in identifying causes of challenging behaviour and implementing relevant positive child guidance strategies that will promote pro-social and delicious behaviour (Kaiser and Rasminsky, 2003). Pro-social / Acceptable BehaviourConroy and Brown (2004) highlight the following skills or pro-social behaviours that children should undertake before the age of five (on average) Getting along with others Following directions regularisation and identifying emotions Conflict resolutions / solutions Persisting on a task Engaging in social conversations Cooperative play Positive Child cente ring PCG An progressively familiar term in the field of Early Childhood facts of life is Positive Child Guidance. PCG techniques, instead of Punitive Discipline Techniques are endorsed by experts as the best way to respond to challenging behaviour (Flicker and Hoffman, 2002 Miller, 2007).PCG is a process wherein adults use certain strategies, e. g. reasoning, giving choices, problem-solving, negotiation and redirection, when traffic with challenging behaviour (Miller, 2007 Porter, 2003). Challenging behaviours (e. g. tantrums and biting) are seen as an opportunity for negotiation, training and resolution, instead of something that requires children to be disciplined or punished for (Berk, 2006 Miller, 2007). Factors that work on challenging behaviour According to Flicker and Hoffman (2004) there are various grammatical constituents that influence challenging behaviour ? ? ? ? ? Emotional boredom, anxiety, low self-esteem, fear, overstimulation Family sibling rivalry, divorce, domestic violence, evil Classroom overcrowding, too much clutter, excessive mental disorder Physical hunger, fatigue, illness, grime nappy Learning toilsomeies speech and speech communication, ADD/ADHD Environmental pathetic housing, poverty, community violence Before deciding on the most efficacious guidance strategy it is very important for adults to consider the (potential) contributing factors. PCG is not a one-size-fits-all approach.It involves developing a close, trusting relationship with the children and parents and individualizing approaches (Kaiser and Rasminsky, 2003). TANTRUMS Definition A tantrum / temper tantrum is an emotional outburst, usually associated with children that are in emotional distress. Typical characteristics are crying, screaming, defiance, anger, stubbornness, ranting, resisting attempts to be pacified and some snips hitting or kicking (Kaiser and Rasminsky, 2003). Tantrums most commonly see when children believe (wrongly or rightly) that the ir regards (not inescapably their needs) are not organism met (Ministry of Education MoE, 1996).Typically tantrums will occur in children aged between 16 months and three / four eld (Berk, 2006). Influencing Factors The physiologic environment may affect young childrens behaviour, e. g. inadequate space, noise levels and traffic patterns in the classroom (Miller, 2007 Strain and Hemmeter, 1999). Classroom schedules and routines may be a factor. Children need routines but with some flexibility. It is often the transition times that prove most proble twineic (Miller, 2007).Children might learn (after the starting tantrum) that it is an useful way to get what they indigence and therefore keep repeating this behaviour (Kaiser and Rasminsky, 2003). Tantrums might occur when a child wants a toy that is being used by another child (jealousy) (Conroy and Brown, 2004). Often tantrums will happen when an adult says no to a child e. g. when changing or going an activity or fun place ( e. g. when its time for tea / lunch) or when asked to do something they dont want to do (e. g. cleansing up) (Tremblay, 2002). A CNN Health Report concluded that there are neurologic influences for tantrums.The prefrontal cortex, (part of the brain), which is responsible for emotional and social regulation is not as yet developed in children and they are therefore less likely to have the required skills to negotiate a more controlled behaviour (New Freedom commission on Mental Health, 2003). Positive Child Guidance Strategies Teachers should make use of observations to establish which factor(s) is/are influencing tantrums. Only by understanding the factor shtup appropriate strategies be applied (Miller, 2007). There should be minimal dissipated transitions and fair warning before it occurs.Ensure children know the routine. Teachers should model and praise appropriate behaviour (Miller, 2007). Adults should not give up / give in when a child has a tantrum. Children might learn that a tantrum is an strong and immediate means of getting what they want. Other children might learn and replicate this behaviour (Alter and Conroy, 2006). Careful planning is very important. Teachers should identify potential triggers and speculate solutions in advance (MoE, 1996). Children with a inclining for tantrums should be encouraged to do relaxing activities such as water play, play dough or the sandpit.It is inappropriate to expect toddlers to sit for long periods of time or to draft in large group activities. It is better to arrange short, engaging mat times and small group activities (Slee and Hemmeter, 1999). It is important to have enough toys so that all children have an opportunity to play at the same time. just about centres will deliberately have less toys to encourage problem-solving and negotiation skills. through observations teachers should identify high interest toys and possible tantrums (Kaiser and Rasminsky, 2003). BITING DefinitionBiting is a drea r and common behaviour for children aged between fourteen months and two years (Kaiser and Rasminsky, 2003). Influencing Factors Probably the most common factor for biting is that children of this age are frustrated when they are unable to use words to communicate their needs or wants. Toddlerhood is a time of strong emotions and few words. It is a time of many changes and the feelings (coupling these changes) house sometimes engage to biting (Berk, 2006). Changes that bring about strong emotions and stress can makes children more prone to biting, e. g. otty training, transitioning to a incompatible room (age group in the centre) or a new sibling (Conroy and Brown, 2004). Sometimes infants and young toddlers might bite when they are teething. Biting eases the worry and distract of teething (Berk, 2006 Kaiser and Rasminsky, 2003). Hunger and thirst could overly be an influencing factor (Berk, 2006). Infants use biting and sucking as a means of exploring and make sense of the p hysical world. Most objects (that is big enough) will go into an infant/ toddlers mouth (Slee and Hemmeter, 1999). Sometimes children bite when they actually want to kiss someone (Conroy and Brown, 2004).Biting may occur when children are seeking attention. This behaviour mostly causes disturbance and focuses the adults attention on the child who bites. Children could also investigate / experiment the cause and effect of biting visual perception / testing what will happen when biting (Conroy and Brown, 2004). Positive Child Guidance Strategies It is important for adults to talk to the child and acknowledge that these changes can be difficult and give the child the opportunity to express their feelings appropriately (Berk, 2006 Alter and Conroy, 2006). Teachers can ask the parents if the child has a favourite teething toy.For toddlers a teething ring / toy can be pinned to their clothes (attached to a short string) and older children can carry a toy in their pockets. Adults should e ncourage children to use it when they feel like biting. Some children are console by a frozen teething toy as this numbs the cranial orbit and eases discomfort more. For infants and toddlers the adult can wet a cloth and model it in the freezer. The child can easily suck and chew on this (Kaiser and Rasminsky, 2003). Toddlers and young children should not go for more than two hours without food.It is also important that adults regularly offer children liquids as well. To ease late morning tendency of biting adults can offer a mid-morning snack that is crunchy and chewy such as pretzels, rice crackers or biscuits (Slee and Hemmeter, 1999). Adults should ensure that the objects that infants play with are not small enough to swallow. To measure the size of objects try accommodate it inside a toilet paper roll. If it fits then it is too small. Adults should ensure that appropriate teething toys are available (Slee and Hemmeter, 1999). Teach children the appropriate way of showing af fection.How to kiss or hug can be taught. Children should first be taught to consider whether children want a hug or kiss. Adults should teach children to listen to the words that people use when they dont want to be kissed (Conroy and Brown, 2004). To teach the child who has bitten empathy get him/her involved in calm and caring for the person who was bitten (e. g. getting an ice pack). If they see the obvious pain and discomfort and adults asking prompting questions it might discourage a child from biting again (Porter, 2003). Factors and Strategies for both Tantrums and BitingThere are some factors that may lead to both tantrums and biting which include boredom or frustration when children are not adequately engaged with peers, teachers or materials and activities in the centre or at home. Adults should ensure that the materials and activities are engaging, challenging and entertaining for all ages and stages of development. Children should be given a choice of activities which may minimize boredom or frustration (Porter, 2003). Feelings of jealousy or the need for love / attention could also cause tantrums and biting. It is important that adults treat each child equally and fairly.Adults should be consistent in PCG strategy so children can know the boundaries, expectations and pleasant behaviour (Flicker and Hoffman, 2002). . There is a relationship between language inefficiency and challenging behaviours. Children with a language inability will often use tantrums or biting (although inappropriate) to communicate their needs (Hemmeter and Ostrosky, 2006). Hyter (2003) suggest that adults should help develop language skills through songs, repetitions and reading books (See Appendix C) so that children can express themselves verbally instead of resorting to tantrums or biting (Porter, 2003).Conclusion This report highlighted various factors that influence challenging behaviour (tantrums and biting). For this reason adults (teachers and parents) should work collaboratively in identifying the influencing factor(s) and applying the most effective and appropriate prevention and intervention strategies to increase compliance and the childs development of self regulation and appropriate pro-social behaviours (Berk, 2006 Fox, Dunlap and Cushing, 2002 Kaiser and Rasminsky, 2003 Miller, 2007 ).

Evaluation of equality and diversity in childcare Essay

The evaluation has just been published of the Pre-School instruction Initiative for Children from nonage Groups. The initiative, which the Government funded through the Dormant Accounts Fund, involved training and mentoring for primordial childhood educators in diversity and equality practice, using the Anti-Bias Education onset. The evaluation piece the approach to be very effective in achieving positive change. The anti-bias approach supports educators to reflect critic every(prenominal)y on their practice. In Ireland it informed the development of the ist project, which in turn influenced the recent initiative. Its goals are to Support childrens individuality (individual and group) and their smack of belonging. Foster childrens empathy and support them to be comfortable with differences between children. foster each child to think about diversity and bias.Empower children to stick out up for themselves and others in difficult situations. Its an approach that fits well wit h twain the Solta national quality framework and the Aistear curriculum framework. The principles of Solta state of matter that equality is an essential characteristic of quality early childhood take and education, and that quality settings respect diversity and have their individual, personal, cultural and linguistic identity validated. Similarly, nurturing equality and diversity is one of the 12 principles of Aistear, and identity and belonging is one of its four themes. Fundamentally, the anti-bias approach does not focus on additional supports for children from minority groups, but on changing mainstream practice so that the uniqueness of every child is recognised and supported, and so that the differences between all children are respected.Thats why equality and diversity are so central to high quality practice they benefit all children. The Pre-School Education Initiative involved training and mentoring of staff in 160 early care and education settings, spread across nearl y all counties, in 2011-2012. Building on the work of the Equality and Diversity Early puerility Network (EDeNn), the initiative was implemented through the City and County Childcare Committees, and was the beginning time the training was delivered at a national level.

Zimbabwe

Q. 1. The potential revenue of the discipline. Find the more or less reliable infix for this, tell where you obtained it and explain wherefore you think it is the most reliable human body that you could obtain. Ans. 1. Zimbabwe started interchange in handle and acquire more than ?1 gazillion by interchange baseball rhombs (The Press Association). The soldiers forced people to pass water harder. They also tortured them and their children with theatrely armed force. in that location is no official estimate for the revenue from selling stones and baseball vault of heavens in that sector but an unofficial estimated range is showing ?1. billion from that playing discipline of operations in Zimbabwe (The Press Association).The eastern alluvial ball battlefield field of rhomb estimated to meet one-forth pray of the descend entreat of diamond crossways the homo in 2006. They earned spunky revenue and cyberspace by trading diamonds into several(prenominal)(pre nominal) countries, like, Israel, India, Lebanon and Russia. The administration of Zimbabwe earned $20 million from the wellhead-grounded sale of diamonds in 2008 (The Press Association). But the important thing is that most of the earned income and revenue of dig diamonds is il well-grounded and it has no governmental or official record.If a Chinese minelaying company wants to set up a levelheaded league with Zimbabwe government then it resulting compass great revenue with high addition and growth with mining diamond in Marange which is a newly founded diamond field in Zimbabwe. This particular field of diamond is situated in the eastern field which earned high revenue through diamond mining in Zimbabwe. To expand their trade facilities, they arranged some private planes to bring buyers from overseas countries. Most of the diamond fields in Zimbabwe be il licit and distributing contradictory diamonds to many countries.These unratified mining fields ar expecting hi gh net income and thus they forced poor people to hit harder under the chemical mechanism of Dig or Die (The Press Association). Poor people atomic number 18 bound to work under the heavily armed security care in these culpable fields of diamond. fit in to Abbey Chikane, the Kimberley Process manage for Zimbabwe, attach the Marange diamond field in Zimbabwe as a certified diamond field to export conflict-free diamonds to meet the demand of diamond across the world (Mutsaka, Wonacott and Childress, 2010).The human right organization of Zimbabwe is protesting the diamond mining though several illegal diamond fields which are doing illegal activities through killing many poor tendingless men, raping women and torturing children to commove hard work from them. To solve these problems, the government of Zimbabwe has take in truth serious to set up legal diamond mines to export conflict-free diamonds. Q. 2. Who controls the Mining nurture Corporation? Do they deplete any existing joint venture partners? Who in the Zimbabwean government pull up stakes influence decisions regarding the institutionalizement?Ans. 2. Diamond exporting and abide business is currently controlled by the government of Zimbabwe. Though it is controlled by the government, thither is a presence of force-outful illegal diamond fields in Zimbabwe and these fields are engaged in several illegal and non-ethical activities with the help of the armed police and security guard force of Zimbabwe. The presence of policy-making battle and high rate of corruption in the Zimbabwean economic, semipolitical and social atmospheres guided the government to a wrong direction.Being the Zimbabwe monitor of the world diamond control body, Abbey Chikane, also stated that the diamonds are pull in for sale in the transnational market to provide minimum multinationalistic standard of diamond (Mutsaka, Wonacott and Childress, 2010). According to the investors, the mining of diamond in Marang e was conducted through use of virtual slaves under the control of armed soldiers in 2008 (Mutsaka, Wonacott and Childress, 2010). Therefore, this field is non working legally or the government may be not serious about fact of diamond mining in Zimbabwe.The Kimberley Process is an internationalist monitoring body to control conflict-free diamond put up from certified diamond fields under governmental rules and regulations. Mr. Chikane announced that Zimbabwe keister start trading the Marange diamonds under proper guidance of the government of Zimbabwe. According to him, the Zimbabwe government has taken several effective steps to regulate legal diamond fields and to remove illegal sources of diamond. The Kimberley Process did not conceptualize the fact of taking steps against governments which violated the rules of the human-rights organization in Zimbabwe in diamond mining.The Kimberley team investigated that the heavily armed security forces killed many people, sacked women who were illegally mining in the Marange fields in July, 2008 (Mutsaka, Wonacott and Childress, 2010). But the officials denied these charges against them and the government and they told that the security guards were there to give protection to the governmental part of the Marange diamond fields in Zimbabwe. The Kimberley members restricted sales of diamonds by the Marange diamond fields as they were yielding non-certified stones in the international market with proper certificates.This helped to queer certification for the diamond fields in Zimbabwe. It also allowed exporting several early(a) legal diamond fields into the foreign market. Zimbabwes government earned $20 million from the legal fields of diamonds in 2008 (The Press Association). There are some political conflicts in Zimbabwe in the issue of diamond exporting and mining from legal and illegal diamond fields of the country. afterward the election in Zimbabwe in 2008, the situation in Marange diamond field has beco me in truth much concern about their effectiveness of the Kimberley Process.A top member of the World Diamond Council, Martin Rapaport reigned from the Kimberley Process to protest against their natural action and commanding mechanism of the touch. Human rights organizations in Zimbabwe are now become very much concern about the export of diamond in the international market after getting the green signal to restart the sale of diamonds from the Marange diamond fields, where heavily armed soldiers deployed by the President Robert Mugabe have been charged for conducting illegal activities (Peta, 2010).The Zimbabwean government investigated that more than 4 million carats of diamonds were founded from the polemic fields of the Zimbabwean diamond fields. Marange was one of them. The estimated value of the total sale of diamonds pass on be around $1. 7bn harmonise to the Zimbabwes 2010 budget and that will be very much helpful to provide a emanation to the economic condition of Zimbabwe (Peta, 2010). Investment from the foreign investors is always encouraged the mining development corporation of Zimbabwe.To meet the international demand of diamond, they are stepwise expanding their international business through legal export of conflict-free diamonds of certified diamond fields of Zimbabwe. To annex their revenue, the government of Zimbabwe is very much interested to stop many foreign investors across the world. The manager of the Centre for Research and Development which is a Zimbabwean human-rights organization was tracking the operations in Marange diamond field in Zimbabwe (Peta, 2010). According to them at the end of 2008, there was no improvement in the condition of the human rights in the Marange diamond field.Mr. Maguwu, the director of the research and development nucleus, also showed how diamonds from the Marange Diamond field were being dim out from Zimbabwe to Mozambique and it became a earnable strategy for the soldiers of Zimbabwe thro ugh illegal diamond export to other foreign countries (Peta, 2010). The Zimbabwe government forced the African amalgamate Resources to take covert their claims against the government and their officials in the issue of diamond supply and export from the Marange diamond field in Zimbabwe at the end of 2006.The high court of Zimbabwe decided that all diamond mines should hand over their power of illegal diamond export to the central bank of Zimbabwe and those mines could get back their power after resolving the dispute in 2008 (Peta, 2010). Therefore, after the political and social battle in Zimbabwean diamond fields, it has become authorization to get certified by the government, the diamond research and development centre and also by the human rights organization of Zimbabwe. bouncing Theory Q. 3.Game possibility is very useful in planning strategy. Your staunch, if it decides that it is a replete(p) investment, wants to win the rights to develop the mine. Explain how you can use endorse theory to plot a winning strategy. Ans. 3. If the Chinese firm decides that it will be a good investment and also wants to win the rights to develop the diamond mines in Zimbabwe, then they should follow a strategic plan with game theory application. The firm can invest in the Marange diamond field through legal contract of partnership with the mining company.They should be aware of the fact that there are no illegal activities in the mining field against the human rights organization in Zimbabwe. The government of Zimbabwe should follow morality of the social and political aspects in the matter of diamond mining from contrary legal fields of diamond. According to the perfect formation of the game of this case of development in the field of diamonds, the most effective and suitable pay-off will be the combination of the investment of the Chinese firm and the investment in the legal fields of certified diamonds in Zimbabwe.The investment of the Chinese firm will be m ore profitable if the firm can invest into a legal field of diamonds, rather than investment into an illegal field of diamonds. There are some other factors related with social, ethical and legal perspectives of the country in the case of diamond mining. These aspects should be highly concern by the Chinese company who is very much interested to get with some Zimbabwean mining company through legal partnership contract. The Chinese company can get high revenue and profit if it makes a contract with an illegal company but other social, legal and ethical aspects will not be there.There may be several strategies but only one pay-off will be economically, financially, legally and ethically viable for this case. Pricing Strategies Q. 4. Explain why the price of diamonds in international markets is so high. Note that a good answer to this fountainhead will involve research into the pricing strategies of the firms that sell diamonds as well as the application of basic economic principle s. Ans. 4. The price of diamond is very high in the international market. If demand profits for a trade good, the price of that good will also increase keeping other factors as unchanged.The demand curve of a commodity is downward slopping in the price of the commodity and the quantity demanded for the commodity framework. gather up Curve of commodity Price Demand Curve Quantity Demanded (Source varian, 2003, pp. 4-6) The price of the commodity and the quantity demanded of the commodity are taken respectively as the vertical and the horizontal line of the diagram. The demand of diamond is piecemeal increasing in the international market. In the to a higher place diagram, according to the basic concept of the demand curve, the demand is subject on the price of the commodity.Therefore, the price of any commodity should also be dependent on the demand of the commodity. In general, if the demand increases, the price should fall according to the demand curve. But in this case, the price of diamonds is gradually increasing with the increase in the price of the diamonds. The price of the diamonds is very high in the international market to reduce the demand of diamonds in scarcity of diamonds in the spherical market. The scarcity of diamonds is the main think for the increasing price of diamonds in the international market.At present, there are a couple of(prenominal) diamond mines from which high quality diamonds can be found. On the other hand, there are few diamond mining companies in the world. Therefore, the competition in these companies is negligible. If a firm with monopoly power in a market increases the price of its commodity, there will be no change in the demand of the commodity. This advantage for the diamond mining companies encourages them to increase the price to execute high revenue and profit from this business.In the competitive market the firms can not increase the prices of their products because if they increase the price the demand of the product will reduce in those firms and the consumer will prefer to buy from any other firm at bring low price of the commodity. There is another important reason for the increment of the price of diamonds in the international market. Most of the exported diamonds are smuggled out from the African diamond fields in different countries. These smugglers have fixed very high price for these diamonds in the foreign market.Though this reason is illegal and not providing any economic theory, it is a very important reason for the high price of diamonds. Ethics Q. 5. What is the Kimberly Process Certification Scheme? What are the elements of the scheme? Does this investment satisfy these? Why or why not? Ans. 5. Mines Minister of Zimbabwe, Obert Mpofu, stated that more than 90% of the total demand from the international market was achieved by the trade watchdog, the Kimberley Process group in November in 2009 (BBC News, 2009).The armed police force in the diamond mining field killed more than 200 poor people by torturing them at the Marange field of diamonds (The Press Association). The activists wanted to remove these pathetic and illegal activities which were gradually reducing the socio-economic culture of the economy. They also announced to reform the planning and controlling strategies of diamond fields in Zimbabwe and they fixed 2010 as the deadline of this reformation (BBC News, 2009).The Kimberley influence is a controlling body under the governmental power in Zimbabwe. With the help of this organization, the government earned a lot revenue and profit but it was not helpful to maintain social, legal and ethical aspects of the economy. To achieve high profit and growth, this organization forced people to work harder in the diamond fields of Marange. The security guards killed many people, raped women and forced children to work continuously in the fields. The Kimberley Process decided to work against the human rights groups of Zimbabwe.Therefore, this functioning is not concern about the ethics of the organization and they are onward from maintaining social responsibilities in Zimbabwe. The government denied these charges against their officials and they are still not very much worried about the fact. The 70-member Kimberley Process group approved a compromise diamond contract at a summit in Namibia in 2009 (BBC News, 2009). To maintain balance in the socio-economic aspects of the economy, an independent monitoring body with independent inspector was established. This organization mainly monitors the diamond mining from the controversial fields.As this process is completely away from maintaining ethics and any other social responsibilities, the investment in this organization will not provide any knowledge of social, economic, legal and ethical responsibilities. This will not be suitable or helpful for the future in a long-run perspective. Q. 6. Do you think that this investment is ethical? Why or why not? Ans. 6. Investment in this organization or process will not be an ethical decision for the Chinese mining company. This process helped to work illegally to achieve high profit in an illegal diamond mining sector.This process is not maintaining any ethics which should be helpful for long-term planning. This process also affects the environmental degradation in Zimbabwe. It is also damaging farming irrigation systems in Zimbabwe (Conflict & Blood Diamonds, 2009). If the Chinese mining company wants to observe a sustainable growth and development for a long-term perspective, they should not go for the partnership contract with the Marange Diamond mining fields and should not even go for investing in these illegal unauthorized and non-certified diamond mining fields in Zimbabwe.

Human Observation Paper: Handwashing in Public Restrooms Essay

Quite recently, the World Health Organization has already declared AH1N1 Flu as a Pandemic, with the rating of Classified train 6 Alert (World Health Organization, 2009) that has to date, affected 33 countries and thousands of deaths. Cross-contamination, which is the transfer of bacterium from atomic number 53 source to food which is high-risk (Three Rivers District Council, 2009) has resulted to 2.4 million healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs) and 30,000 deaths per division (Ameri bottom of the inning Society for Microbiology Survey, 2009). Surprisingly, these diseases or infections that conduct ended lives may be pr planeted non only by costly medicine or treatment employ sophisticated, state-of-the-art technology just something as basic and simple as this Hand- laping.With medical experts worldwide concurring on the immense benefits and the necessity of hand brushing in the promotion of deals health, there has been a clamor to subjoin awareness for stack to assimil ate handwashing a part of their daily r come forwardine. This ruminate aims to provide information on hand-washing behavior of stack in exoteric restrooms and the factors that may or may non influence frequency of hand-washing.service line InformationI. Statement of the ProblemEveryone write outs the benefits of world clean as in hand-washing. However, there are distillery some who do non wash their hands by and by utilise the restroom. Are factors that may influence or may be spliceed with the human behavior of handwashing? If so, what are they? Do these factors induce or preclude handwashing behavior?II. Theory StatementIn Smiths conduct, she utilise Observation as one of the variables delinquent to the Theory of Self-Awareness that states that self-awareness increases adherence to social norms. Thus, self-awareness of the the great unwashed due to their knowledge of opposites nonice them drives them to adhere to the social norm of hand-washing.There is overly a link between Gender and Ethnic differences to health-related beliefs and behaviors (Courtenay, McCreary and Merighi, 2002). There is a higher likelihood for men to engage in riskier health-related behaviors and fewer preventive behaviors in health (Courtenay, McCreary and Merighi, 2002).The Theory of Planned conduct, which believes that corresponding attitudes toward behavior, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, bring together with somebodyal responsibility may predict intention, in case, the behavior of peck, is employ in justifying the Smiths choice of Location as a variable in assessing the likelihood of handwashing. In a hospital setting, wherein masss attitudes are foc engagementd on the maintenance of vigorous conditions as expected in hospitals, people become more conscious in being more responsible in following expected norms of sanitary habits in the hospital. In such as setting, behavior control in the people to wash their hands is greater then as compared to former(a) places.III. HypothesisThere are some variables that affect the frequency of handwashing (Smith 2005). These may be contemplation, gender and location. There is a higher incidence of hand-washing among participants that know their behavior is being observed, are fe masculines and are in a hospital-setting (versus other locations such as schools and the workplace, for example).IV. Procedure or MethodologyFemale and male observers, respectively, were situated in both womens and mens restrooms in the University of Colorado, Colorado Springs (USCCS) campus and hospital, to record the pre-determined participant behaviors and conditions, including handwashing (yes/no), whether the participant could see the observer (observed/not observed), gender (male/female), and location (college campus/hospital) of 179 participants. These were tallied and results were generated.V. ResultsNo significant differences were found in participants who knew that they were being observed and those who did not have the said knowledge. There were also no significant differences between handwashing behavior of males and females, as well as between those who are in the school or hospital setting.VI. give-and-takenone of the hypotheses were supported by the study. Observation, Gender and Location do not snap a role in handwashing behavior as there were no significant differences between participants that were found in studying the above-mentioned variables.Behavior ChangeVII. Statement of the ProblemMay Observation and the Presence of Signages reminding people to wash their hands influence people to do so? What is the effect of people astute that they are watched by and by they have read the signage recommending that they wash their hands after using the restroom?VIII. Theory Statement of birth or cause and EffectThe study of Jenner et al. (2002) on predictive behaviors in hand hygiene or washing of hands in hospital health care workers state concludes that reminder s such as signages are jibe to the higher tendency of people to wash their hands after they used the rest rooms.With the spreading of various diseases, there is also an increase in public service announcements by the media, and reminders in all types of institutions to wash their hands. This norm of washing hands as acceptable behavior after using the restroom is displayed with the observers showing approval upon seeing that a someone washed his or her hands, and disapproval when such is  not through with(p) due to peoples belief in its importance. Such is largely due to efforts by media, the government and various institutions in the communities reminding people of the benefits of washing their hands.IX. HypothesisThis study, presupposes that observation may influence the frequency of hand-washing, as in Smiths study. Also, the nominal head of a signage posted in the public restroom reminding people to wash their hands before they leave the restroom will also be examined a s a factor affecting the incidence of hand-washing.This study will then not only support Smiths contention that there may be factors that explains Handwashing behavior in humans, but will also extend the point that these variables even work together, influencing people to wash their hands.X. Procedure or MethodologyObservers were situated at a public restroom of a coffee shop right hell dust in the middle of a shopping mall. The rest room is for both men and women, with a small space that housed a couch and a handwashing station prior(prenominal) to the door leading to the rest room. In the lunch time hours, the first ten people who entered the rest room during this time, 7 women and 3 men were randomly selected to be participants in the study. The observers noted handwashing behavior upon participants reading of the huge signage reminding people to wash their hands. Such signage was conveniently put in front of the door which they see upon exiting the rest room and after seeing that there is another person with them in the room find their actions. Results were then tabulated on the participants washing of hands (yes/no) as reactions to reading the signage and noticing that they are under observation by another person in the room.XI. Results6 out of 10 participants washed their hands immediately washed their hands upon reading the signage and upon noting the presence of another person in the area. 3 participants barely noted the presence of the observer (they did not even as much as glance at the observer in the area), but washed their hands after reading the signage. Only one participant left the rest room without washing his hands, even if he has read the signage and knew of the presence of the observer (he had eye contact with the observer prior to leaving the area). The aforesaid participant appeared to be in a hurry.XII. DiscussionObservation and the signage reminding people to wash their hands- that are conveniently placed in rest rooms may have an effect on people to wash their hands. Not only do the signage serve as reminders and the presence of an observer provide pressure for a person to wash their hands, the deuce in combination have effected handwashing behavior in a manner that the person washes his or her hands due to his or her practicable avoidance of a situation wherein he will receive disapproval, not just because he failed to wash his hands, but because he did not do so after he had already seen the sign telling him of its benefits.This gives the determination that the compulsion to handwashing may not only come from the person knowing and is being reminded of its importance- a community or societal belief, moreover, it is done out of the persons fear of being perceived in a bad light- an idiot, or someone who blatantly defies commonly held belief. A person herein does not only wash his or her hand not only because he or she believes of its benefits to health, but because he or she did not want to be la beled as the person, who after reading the sign, still does not wash his or her hands- an unintelligent and/or openly intractable person who does not seem to understand the importance of handwashing even after he has been amply told.ConclusionThe goal of many professionals who in their studies, have proved the benefits of handwashing, is to encourage people to do so after they use the rest rooms. Knowing the factors and understanding how they interrelate would provide the key to formulating solutions to make handwashing become widely practiced so as that they will become the necessary part of the routine of the people. Such must be done because however handwashing would seem basic and simple, doing such has a tremendous effect- it can even save lives.