Ancient Greek Musical Instruments

Lyra originally called Chelys, because of the tortoise shell used as its go box. According to Nicomachus of Gerasa (Ist cent. AD), the tortoise-shell Lyra was invented by god Hermes, who gave it to Orpheus. Orpheus taught Thamyris and Linos, and Linos taught Hercules. When Orpheus was killed by the Thracian women, his lyra was thrown into the sea, and process ashore at Antissa, a city of Lesbos, where it was found by fishermen, who brought it to Terpander, who in turn carried it to Egypt and presented it to the Egyptian priests as his own creation. We dont know how many an(prenominal) string the original Lyras had. By the time of Terpander (8th-7th cent. BC) Lyra was a seven stringed instrument and from many antiquated sources we know that this type remained in use for a immense time during the classical period. The addition of an eighth string in the sixth nose candy BC is credited by Nicomachus of Gerasa to Pythagoras. By the fifth century there were Lyras with anything from 9 to 12 strings. The strings (neura) were made of animal goats rue of sinew, tho there are also references of strings made of linen paper or hemp.Lyra was mainly used for the musical education of the young, and by connoisseur players in general. Cithara plucked instrument with 5 strings originally, but by and by with as many as 12 strings. Cithara was bigger than the Lyra and it was the principal plan instrument vie by professional musicians, the citharodes. According to Plutarch, cithara was designed by Cepion, a student of Terpander. Many instrument names like guitar, cittern, cittern etc. derive from the word cithara. Barbitos or Barbiton is an instrument of the Lyra family and resembles a Lyra, but it has longer arms and narrower sound box.Musicians of the School of Lesbos, like Alcaeus and Sappho, are ofttimes d epic poemted in vases playing the Barbitos. Phorminx probably the oldest of the Cithara type instruments. From references in ancient sources (Homer, Hesiod, Aris tophanes) we know that Phorminx was richly decorated with gold and ivory, and accompanied the singing of the epic singers called rhapsodes. Epigonion belongs to the psaltery family and it is the instrument with the largest number of strings, sometimes as many as forty (Polydeuces).It may owe its name to the fact that it was played on the knee Grecian epi gonu, or maybe because its inventor was someone named Epigonus. Pandouris or pandourion, also called trichord because it had tether strings, is the first fretted instrument known, forerunner of the various families of lutes worldwide. Source of our acquaintance about this instrument is the Mantineia marble (4th cent BC, now exhibited at capital of Greece Archaeological Museum) depicting the mythical contest between Apollo and Marsyas, where Pandouris is being played by a muse seated on a rock.