Dream Essay -- essays papers

DreamMoney and Success The Myth of Individual Opportunity The American Dream is different for everyone, though it is most commonly associated with success, freedom, and happiness. The concept of the American Dream seems to have dwindled from where it was in the past few generations. It has gone from success, freedom, and happiness to having loads of money and the nicest possessions. In today society we all hope and strive for this dream, nevertheless how many actually achieve the American Dream? Is it a fairish goal that Americans should strive for, or is it a myth that only leads to self-destruction? Having a lot of money, a good job, and expensive possessions are all characteristics of this American Dream. Even though, many Americans seek to achieve all of these material possessions, how many can say that they are truly happy, once they reach this goal? at that place is no standardized description of being rich. Some people see money as the only way of measuring how pr osperous one is, but is money the only way to achieve the American Dream? One can only have so much money. ...

The Impact of Friends :: personal reflections

Every individual holds the key to their own future. We are told to follow our hearts and all your dreams for success will come true. We intend, you keep make your future whatever you want it to be, no matter what you do. The truth is that success takes an enormous amount of determination and dedication. There are key things we train to look out for in order to be able to be successful. From your friends at school to how your carry yourself, it all makes a reputation for yourself. The successful hatful are the ones that understand how to balance it. This is why successful people are looked up to, and it all started out with the people they associated themselves with everyday from elementary school to straight and even in the future. The question is, can friends affect your success?Your friends are constantly present in your life, more than your family. Most people, spend most of their quantify surrounded by friends instead of family this, is not always a bad thing but, has become normal. This is very true, especially for teenagers, who spent five days a week, 7 hours or more per day at school. Not including all the extra activities like sports, clubs and church that teenagers like myself are involved in. I believe people usually end up acting like the people they hang around with. Friends play a big role in find out who you are and how you dress and talk and act. (Compton 1 of 2 Peer pressure) My grandfather always used to say, Show me your friends, and Ill tell you who you are. Drs. Davis, Jenkins and, hunt down also say this in their book, The Pact, Friends play a big role in determining who you are and how you dress and talk and act. (Compton 1 of 2 Peer pressure) . Although, its helpful to Friends play a big role in determining who you are and how you dress and talk and act. (Compton 1 of 2 Peer pressure) . When you are constantly surrounded by people with the same goals as you, and are going through the same problems it feels norma l to involve yourself in what they are doing, because you feel like you are in the same boat. This can impact your success positively or negatively.

How does creatine affect your body Essay -- essays research papers

How does Creatine affect your body?How does Creatine affect your body? Creatine affects our body in several different ways. Creatine can provide additional energy for your muscles, volumization of your muscles, buffer lactic acid build-up, and enhance protein synthesis. Creatine can also attention stimulate growth in muscles and increase the users strength, even while doing your normal workouts. Creatine can also be taken in a mutation of ways. Creatine can affect your body in a negative way when taken excessively. Normally, one should not take more than 20 grams at a time. Your liver and kidneys may become damaged from taking too much and can also cause you an upset stomach, muscle pains, diarrhea, and dehydration. However, drinking potty of water can minimize most of those effects.Creatine has been known to provide additional energy for your muscles. Our body has a compound called ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate), which is an energy-containing compound. The ATP response releases e nergy in the body very quickly. This is a good thing, especially during an intense work out, when your body needs the most energy. Carbohydrates can give you energy, save it comes at a slower pace. When the muscles are using ATP for energy, a chemical process occurs where the ATP is broken down into two simpler chemicals, ADP (adenosine did-phosphate) and inorganic phosphate. This process of ATP turning into ADP releases the energy, which ...

Newspaper and Online Media -- Communication, News, Technology

Newspaper and online media contribute some(prenominal) done a corking job to spread news story to readers. Newspaper as a traditional media is accept by near people for a long measure. simply as the technology is growing up, online media become a competitor of composition. Hall (2001, p.2) state that there are 200 million people using the wind vane regularly and the sack page is around 800 million. Nowadays, the web users are still growing up very fast. But the newspaper still playing a important role in news area. These two major news media become a part of peoples life. Both of them have proceeds and disadvantage. Newspaper had developed for a long time, and web technology is new. But they are all produce information to audiences as soon as possible. For umteen years, newspaper is the most easy media for audience to get news. Cole and Harcup (2010, p.4) believe that newspaper is easy to take and read it in anyplace your want. It is fast and cheap for audience. That is wh y many people like newspaper in the past. But as the online media grow up these year. People rear end get free news on the website and the web news is much fast than newspaper. It offer people another convenience way to get news. In a multi-media world, the rates of those people reading newspaper is going down. Cole and Harcup (2010, p.7) state that newspaper is not going to died but the adult population of reading newspaper is going down from 77% to 50% from 1983 to 2006. And just 30% people think newspaper is popular in 2006. It is a huge challenge to newspaper after online news appeared. The newspaper and online media both use picture and language to tell reader story. But newspaper have a limited of picture and words. They could not use too many pages to show details. Website can add more pictures t... ...ine media both taking an important role in spread news nowadays. The advantage of newspaper is get readers attentions and subscribe to them have a great impression. The lang uage and representation of newspaper will be much more profession and particularity. The limitation of newspaper is the space and time is not wide. They have to finish work on time and could not add information after finished it. And the disadvantage of newspaper is the advantage of online media. Website can edit anytime and provided as mush information as they wanted. Unfortunately, people have more choices on Internet means online media lost them quickly. Both newspaper and online media have their own characteristic. They need to learn from each other and think about how to catch audience and keep them. Change the disadvantage and get benefit from advantage will help each other develop in the future.

The Awakening :: essays research papers

-Compare/contrast Ednas mania for Leonce, Robert, and Arobin.Throughout the novel, it became increasingly obvious of Ednas difficulty in the theatre of true love. She had initially found what she knew wasnt, followed by infatuation, and finally what she was sure was. Several different forms of love were present, yet each (including the final) proved to be unsuccessful. Edna never entangle comfortable in her relationship with Leonce. She had managed to assume the typical role of a female and never stray from her responsibilities that come with that. She had always done what was expected of her from her husband. However, this did non initiate solely with her husbands wants. She had always followed through with doing exactly what she has been expected to do including finding a husband in someone that she was not in love with. He found more ownership in her, rather than equality in which she was longing for. She was never satisfying in the relationship that she had with him. The lov e that she had for him was simply present on the surface. It could best be described as a animateness that she was confined to living rather than the life that she had always yearned for.With the winds of change came a person that she found contrasting to her current life. This man was Alcee Arobin. His role in her life was not true love either. He merely introduced the taste of manifest love to a searching body. This love was not the kind that Edna was longing for either. Arobins role was to introduce her to the importance of sex. This was something that was foreign between her and her husband. She felt more like an individual when she was enjoying the act of love making, rather than acting on account of someone elses pleasure. This affair was important to her becoming an individual. The entire pre-Robert time was in readiness to finding him. Arobins importance was evident with Ednas actions immediately following this affair. She decided to close her house up and move to a sma ller, less(prenominal) desirable one. The fact that it is less desirable is a key factor. This makes it impossible to assume that she was moving out to live a better material life. She decided that she would sacrifice her good life and possessions in order to fully acquire individualism. Ednas true love was found in a person that appeared to have the most character.

The Awakening :: essays research papers

-Compare/contrast Ednas cacoethes for Leonce, Robert, and Arobin.Throughout the novel, it became increasingly obvious of Ednas difficulty in the field of true love. She had initially ready what she knew wasnt, followed by infatuation, and finally what she was sure was. Several different forms of love were present, yet each (including the final) proved to be unsuccessful. Edna never felt comfortable in her race with Leonce. She had managed to assume the typical role of a female and never stray from her responsibilities that come with that. She had eer done what was expected of her from her husband. However, this did not initiate solely with her husbands wants. She had always followed through with doing exactly what she has been expected to do including finding a husband in someone that she was not in love with. He found more ownership in her, rather than equality in which she was longing for. She was never satisfying in the relationship that she had with him. The love that she h ad for him was merely present on the surface. It could exceed be described as a life that she was confined to living rather than the life that she had always yearned for.With the winds of change came a person that she found secern to her current life. This man was Alcee Arobin. His role in her life was not true love either. He merely introduced the taste of tangible love to a seek body. This love was not the kind that Edna was longing for either. Arobins role was to introduce her to the importance of sex. This was something that was foreign between her and her husband. She felt more like an individual when she was enjoying the act of love making, rather than acting on account of someone elses pleasure. This affair was important to her becoming an individual. The entire pre-Robert time was in preparation to finding him. Arobins importance was plain with Ednas actions immediately following this affair. She decided to close her house up and move to a smaller, less desirable one. Th e fact that it is less desirable is a pick up factor. This makes it impossible to assume that she was moving out to live a better material life. She decided that she would sacrifice her good life and possessions in order to richly acquire individualism. Ednas true love was found in a person that appeared to have the most character.

A social construction Essay

As a social construction, sociality is defined as a sort out individual having a greens identifying heritage (Yinger, 1994). The common heritage may comprise of a unifying language, cultural values, norms, and beliefs, and a common ancestry. This has the implication that people belonging to a given ethnic group identify from others with eminent distinctive characteristics, an element which ensure their recognition in the larger human community.Owing to the common heritage that defines an ethnic group, ethnicity encompasses other communal aspects such as political, social, and economic interests, territorial ownership, and similar behavioral patterns. The global community has witnessed numerous incidences of ethnic hostilities over the past few decades. Among this is the 2007 post-election violence which saw hundreds of Kenyans killed and thousands of others fleeing their homes to refuge camps within and outside the country (BBC, 2007).According to available information, the confl ict was mainly a fight for land possession in the rift valley region between the Kalenjin and Kikuyu ethnic groups (BBC, 2007). In the American nation, ethnic hostilities are quite common. This can be evident from statistical evident from a 2000 query which indicated that most citizens of Asian origin are mainly engaged in small business established. Such have been closely attributed to the high levels of labor securities industry discrimination practices against these members of the community.In addition, since after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, racial profiling and discrimination against individuals of Islamic origin have been on the hike. This has been due to the perceptions associating Muslim with terrorism activities. Lastly, ethnic hostility can be evident in the school population trends in the US. Records indicate that as at 2003 estimated 87% of enrollments in public-schools in lolly where from the black community compared to less than 10% from the white pop ulation.

Managing Conbini- Case Study Custom Research by Essay Writers

Culturally speaking, Nipponese consumers have an interest in utilizing American inventions because of an overall desire to capture the flavor and feel of Western culture, as Japanese citizens experience the joy of having disposable income to purchase goods that they are seeing for the first time in galore(postnominal) cases (Ellington, 1992). Specifically in the instance of the American doodad store concept, the popularity of it in Japan, beyond the cultural associations, also has a practical element to it, as post in Japan is at a premium, which makes it difficult and impractical for the average Japanese to store lots of consumer goods in their homes. Therefore, the convenience store allows them to quickly obtain needed items if they cannot be kept on hand at home.Evolution of the Original Concept of the Convenience StoreSpace is at a premium in Japan, and retail stores are no exception. Even the Conbini (convenience store) lacks enough shelf space to display all of the goods th at are offered. Because of this, the original concept of the convenience store has evolved through the use of e-commerce for example, in the Conbini, mesh terminals exist whereby the customer can order crossings and have the products delivered to their homes. This allows for the offering of many goods in a limited space environment.Aside from the obvious convenience and product availability that Conbini provides to the Japanese consumer, there is another important aspect of Conbini that the Japanese particularly like, which can be found in the e-commerce element of the stores themselves. Because many Japanese do not have Internet access in their homes, the possibility of buying online from the terminal at Conbini is very appealing (Bloomberg Business impudents, 2004).What Other Kinds of New Products/Services Could be Introduced in the Conbini?How Should the New Offerings be Distributed?Conbini represents an excellent opportunity to introduce new products/services. Because of the space crunch in Japan, there exists a brilliant opportunity for the provision of the kinds of entertainment (DVDs, videocassettes, etc) that previously required large retail spaces, but can be ordered using the Internet technology that straight off exists. These new product/services should be distributed via home delivery due to the convenience and practical considerations that are dictated by the space restrictions that exist in Japan itself.Technology can also play a bigger key role. The Conbini innovations in E-commerce could be adapted to E-tailing in the United States in many ways, and have been to some extent in the past, evidenced by American retailers like Circuit City, which has embraced the Internet as a sales tool and employ it to rescue the firm from low profits over the past 5 years or so (Bhatnagar, 2004).To strictly follow the Conbini model, the typical American convenience store could reduce the costs associated with huge retail locations by utilizing Internet tec hnology as Conbini has to make convenience stores smaller and more cost/space efficient. Given certain concerns in the United States at this time as well, Conbini models can reduce the crime associated with the typical American convenience store and follow natural resources by disturbing less land and using less utilities and building materials.References(Bhatnagar P 2004 Circuit City-No More Excuses)Bhatnagar, P. (2004). Circuit City-No More Excuses. CNN currency.com, , . Retrieved family line 10, 2006, from Money Magazine and CNN Web Site http//money.cnn.com/2004/04/26/news/fortune500/circuit_city(Bloomberg Business News 200404 Japans Convenience Stores add E-Commerce to Milk and Management)Bloomberg Business News. (2004, April). Japans Convenience Stores add E-Commerce to Milk and Management. Retrieved September 10, 2006, from CNET News Web Site http//www.zdnetasia.com/news/hardware/0,39042972,13027570,00.htm(Indiana University Clearinghouse For US-Japan Studies 1992 Japanese- U.S. Economic Relations)Indiana University Clearinghouse For U.S.-Japan Studies/Lucien Ellington, author (1992). Japanese-U.S. Economic Relations. Japan Digest, 4(2002), .

Impact of Digital Marketing on Sales Essay

Embracing emerging trends and technologies helps marketers create a sustainable competitive advantage for their business. Emerging merchandising trends and technology, much(prenominal) as big data, social media mobile, context-awargon computing and the Internet of Things, create unprecedented opportunities to engage customers, fuel growth and take market share. As a digital marketer, you can be overwhelmed by how quickly new technologies become mainstream. A Facebook yesterday is a Pinterest today and a socially enabled, real-time, mobile personal admirer tomorrow.The objective of this paper is to look at the impact digital marketing has on sales especially in emerging markets. The major aspects of digital marketing that would be cover chargeed are as mentioned below digital Marketing EssentialsMultichannel MarketingData-Driven MarketingMobile MarketingMonetized Digital Marketing with physicianSocial MarketingEvaluating the impact of digital strategyEvaluation of the true impact of the digital marketing strategy & spend, is a multi-phase journey. It could be broken overcome into five distinct phases Datawarehousing & ReportingDashboardingStatistical AnalysisPredictive AnalysisOptimizationThe research paper analyzes the current situation with respect to developing countries in the digital environment. It would also study the digitaldivide and the differential pattern of developing and least developed countries in take-up of the new technologies, the changing character and demographics of Internet use as well as the role of innovation and creativity in making digital marketing a success.The Evolution of Digital Marketing in Developing marketsThe Digital DivideAccess & Participation in the Digital EconomyOpportunities & ChallengesThe paper studies and analyzes the influence on the 4Ps of Marketing by the onset of the Digital Revolution and the dominance of accessible information through the Internet. It has changed the way consumers spend their money and the way they shop for products and seek services. Like the industrial Revolution, todays Digital Revolution has changed the ways in which people live their daily lives and the manners in which companies practice business. In marketing, strategy has greatly shifted away from material and into more liquid avenues and flexible ways of stretching consumers.Because people ware altered their spending habits, so too have marketers changed the ways of reaching their customers and creating products focused on the new needs of the consumer today. Advertisement and sales have shifted away from tangible methods of reaching people such as stigma ads and newspaper and into digitized networks that offer to target a larger audience at a fraction of the cost. The impact of the Digital Revolution on marketing cannot be ignored as indeed, it has completely changed the industry in a way never previously conceived. INTRODUCTIONThe Internet is becoming the town square for the orbicular village of tomor row -Bill GatesEmerging markets are countries experiencing relatively recent industrial, political and technological change resulting in rapid economic growth. Emerging markets cover more than the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), however these countries are amongst the buoyant emerging giants. Large populations generally characterise these markets, as isobvious with China and India. They tend to be dominate by young populations and rising middle classes. As business revenues plateau in saturated, developed markets, expansion into emerging markets is a popular means for reaching new growth targets. Although these countries are affected by the global recession, many remain in robust growth positions. The endeavour of international business involves misgiving and risk, however this can be declined by the internet.How the Global Digital Era and Emerging Market Growth is Transforming the Marketing Agenda? Senior executives in developing economies, working in organiz ations, small and large, are asking the following questions How can we get ahead of competitors in emerging markets?How can our business mitigate risks when we enter risky, high-growth emerging markets? How can we measure marketing activities and sales-related results in these markets? The increasing mobility of the consumer is a good development for any business. Marketing to a constantly on-the-go consumer is same(p) trying to hit a moving target. Direct digital marketing is an addressable marketing method where relevant marketing communications are delivered to individuals through the e-mail, Web, and mobile channels using an e-mail address, a Web browser cookie, and a mobile phone number.The principles of direct digital marketingaddressability, message relevance, and personalizationare ideal for restaurant marketers and their customers. Leveraging the full value of direct digital marketing requires going beyond the tried and true e-mail marketing strategies that have been used for the last 10 years and building a strong relationship with a consumer at each touch-point they value.

Summit Partners Fleetcor a

Private Equity and Investment Banking SPRING 2010 front Partners FleetCor A 1. Summarize the proposed transaction line of longitude Partners proposes to FleetCor Technologies (later preferred as FleetCor or the federation) an enthronement into FleetCor for the total amount of $44. 9 million in return for a post transaction ownership of 54. 2% in the Company and flood tide down to 46% ownership in the company after impudentlyly created persuade options for management equivalent to 15% ownership in the company has been completely executed and fully diluted.This investment is in the form of convertible preferred stock with an 8% accrued interest, compounding annu whollyy. As the transaction come through, Summits prefer stock will be treated equal-footing in liquidity with the new(prenominal) $37. 5 million of existing preferred stock. The proceeds from Summits investment will be used as followings $9. 0 million will be used to redeem part of a $15 million subordinated debt he ld by current investors.The remaining $6 million of this debt will be converted by the current investors into the same strip of prefer stock which Summit proposes. About $16. 6 million will be used as an upfront cash to mickle back FleetCors s til now crack Licensees The remaining $19. 3 million will be used as a common working capital for FleetCor to fund its growing business line and to buy back any otherwise potential licensees. 2. Discuss five key investment strengths FleetCors management team genuinely well-performed management team consisting of very(prenominal) high quality profile and experienced CEO, Ron Clarke, who has brought FleetCor back on track after just 18 months of working in the company. Other executives who have many experiences and a lot of knowledge in the industry including H. Steve Smith, Senior VP of Sales and Marketing Tommy Andrews, Senior VP of Operation and Scott Ruoff, Senior VP of Business Development. FleetCor has a highly differential gea r business st considergy leading a very competitive business as followings Middle Market Focus big merchandise for growing with very little potential competitors and high barriers to entry Local Market Distribution FleetCor has created a network of local branches with a complete staff employees including a general manager Semi-Exclusive Merchant Acceptance Network FleetCor limits the size of merchant network to provide greater traffic volume to participating retailers. Highly established market shares in the highly potential and continued growth market FleetCor has 90,000 fleet customers across its entire system comprised especially of four large national accounts such(prenominal) as Sears, UPS, Aramark and National Line Service and over 500,000 active cardholders. ? FleetCor provided its customers the cost-saving and customized information report to really please the customers and subscribe them high reluctance to switch to new card network providers, leading to low customer c hurn. High gross profit margin (in case of gross revenue report) averagely 5%, double compared to other regular credit card issuing companies or its big competitors in high-end market, however, it has still gained highly growing market share because of its unique and differential business strategy. 3. Discuss five investment concerns FleetCor is still missing a financial expert who not only has experiences and knowledge in the industry but in any case has ability to draw fully effective projection for a long-term growth by implementing a stable financial system ( notify Hiring a highly effective and experienced CFO. ? High projected improvements after the acquisition. The company should be a little to a greater extent conservative due to the fact that on that point are al looks some unexpected risks associating with the implication of a new centralized system. Suggest the company should project in the more conservative way and should establish some preventive control procedures t o eliminate these risks before really testing the centralized system to avoid any unexpected damages and ventes. ? FleetCor has not yet settle the final agreements with the seven Super Licensees for acquiring them, creating some sources of unstable and going concern business ( Suggest the company should be more specific and aggressive while dealing with the licenses to make the final agreements. Higher gas prices result in a larger A/R support cost and also lead to a higher bad debt expense, even though the net revenue major power still be the same ( Suggest implement some forms of hedging strategies against the increases in gas prices such as going long on a call option at a specific gas price which might materially increase the A/R financing cost and bad debt expenses. ? FleetCor currently has weak managerial describe system ( Suggest bringing in some more IT consultants and programmers to create a more effective managerial and financial system while working along with a CFO w ho is a financial expert. . Using give 4B evaluate the proposed acquisitions. Would you recommend purchasing all of the licenses? Why or why not? Explain Briefly Overall, the proposed acquisitions yield the company a combined entity with much smash performance in term of profitability such as peeled combined gross margin is 5% higher than the base only. EBIT margin is almost 3. 75 times higher than the base only. EBITDA margin is over 1. 5 times higher than the base only.I recommend FleetCor only acquire 5 effectively operated Licensees out of the seven ones including the ones in the areas of Houston, Carolina, Mississippi, Baton Rouge, and Atlanta because the other two which are locating in Chicago and Tampa are inefficient in term of profitability. Licensee in Chicago will yield a loss of EBITDA and the one in Tampa yield only $83,000 of EBITDA which is very small compare to the cost of acquiring this licensee. 5. Look at the Transaction Multiples Analysis in screening 5d a nd 6. Analyze the comparables (Exhibit 6) a.Would you recommend using all the comparables listed? Would you exclude any of the comparables? Explain your answers. I would not recommend using all the comparables listed. I would exclude all of the comparables from assort of credit card issuers because FleetCor has been operating its business as a merchant card processor which is different from the credit card industry. Basic dogma for valuation using industry comparables is that we have to use comparables for the group of companies in the same industry with the valued company.I might want to keep the comparables for the group of other transaction processors. Through my observation, I find that Ceridian which is in the same industry with FleetCor has the most similar initiative economic value/Revenue Ratio and Enterprise Value/EBITDA with the company (leading to that Ceridian would be a good indicator for valuation of FleetCor b. Based on the comparables how would you value the propo sed acquisitions of the licensees? What do you think of the sextuples proposed in exhibit 5d?Basing on comparables data of Ceridian, I would value the proposed acquisitions of the licensees at 13. 1xEBITDA. I think the multiples proposed 3. 9x in 2001 and 3. 3x in 2002 in exhibit 5d are way below the multiple of Ceridian, and even much lower when compare to the industry average 16. 9x and 15x accordingly. In general, if the final transaction is completed as proposed, the company will be much better off, and even better if the company exclude the acquisition of the two licensees in Chicago and Tampa.In addition, if all of the big seven licensees do not experience the acquisitions at this proposed multiples, Summit might suggest the FleetCors management to raise these multiples and deal specific case to case with each of the licensee. 6. deliver the acquisitions take perpetrate on December, 31, 2001. Value Fleet or using the DCF methodology. Use Exhibit 5a, 5b and 5c to complete t he valuation. Make assumptions as needed. Assume a market premium of 4. 5%. Make sure you state and explain your assumptions. I will use the equity beta of Ceridian (? =0. 9) to calculate cost of equity for FleetCor because the two companies are considered comparables. Assume the market has been operating efficiency, and according to CAPM RE = RF + ? *MRP (whereas MRP market risk premium= 4. 5%, and RF = 4. 27%, 5-year Treasury interest rate). So, RE = 4. 27% + 0. 79*4. 5% = 7. 825%. Another point of view, the company has projected to have very high growth 15%,18%,19%,19%,16% in consecutive five historic period so that Summit Partners may have to require more return on equity compensating for more risks if this projection failed. I assume that discount rate to be reasonably 18%. The below is my valuation Fiscal Year Ending December 31, 2001 CY 2002P 2003P 2004P 2005P EBITDA in 2006 52,349 Exit Multiple 8 Terminal Value (Firm Value at Exit) 418,792 Discoun ted Terminal Value 183,058 Total Present Value to Summit 226,602 Discount Rate using 18% 7.Look at Exhibit 7. What do you think of the multiples used? What do you think of the Irrs? Explain and support your analysis. I think the multiples used are reasonable , even though, these multiples might be much below the average and the median of the industry overall, Summit should be conservative for an exit multiple of 8 in case on that point are some unexpected outcomes happened after the acquisitions and from them make the projection failed. The IRRs are considered high profitable.Even in the worst case scenario, the EBITDA exit multiple is equal 6, Summit still make 23. 8 % in IRR which is over three times compares to the market at 7. 825%. 8. At this time would you support this transaction? Why or Why not explain. I would fully support this transaction because of the following reasons 1) FleetCors management teams with high profile, experienced, and knowledge executives will make the companys high projection come true. ) The proposed acquisitions of the big seven licensees has been settled in basis, and soon become a very good deal for the beginning of this investment. 3) Base on my valuation given using the data in Summits projections, the NPV (Net Present Value) is way off the positive minute showing that this is a very good project. 4) Even though, Summit might approach a conservative way to evaluate the EBITDA exit multiple of 8, the investment still yield a 31. 8% in IRR over the period of five years.

Harvard Style Annotated Bibliography Essay

1. King, Rosemary. Oxford studies of religion. Preliminary & HSC course ed. Melbourne, Victoria Gary Underwood, 2010. 1-459. Print.2. Rosemary King is an experienced teacher who worked with government, catholic and independent schools. She successfully completed the Graduate Certificate in World Religions from the University of New England (UNE) and is currently teaching at the Uniting Churchs MLC School located in Sydney, her position is the coordinator of service learning. 3. In the chapter on preliminary Islam, the topic mainly focuses on the view and study of Islam as one of the major religious traditions as a living religious system. It allows the reader to investigate the religious traditions and belief systems, examine the significance of all relating religious traditions in the life of a Muslim Adherent and communicates ideas, information and issues using the appropriate visual/written forms.4. This text is written to support the syllabus studies of a preliminary/HSC student for studies of religion 1.5. I feel that this text was useful when I was researching information regarding the Quran, the Hadith, the Sunna, the Ijma and the Qiyas. The reason being for this was because it explained the purpose of all these traditions and the impact that is forced upon a Muslim by these traditions. alike how they guide a Muslim to living the life by the Quran (Rules and regulations set by Allah, God)6. I found that the information in this text was accurate and valid, although it could have been more(prenominal) in detail and less simplistic than it was. For example, when talking about a specific tradition I found that it could have been more in depth and informative.

A report on two options for David Mackenzie & Co

David Mackenzies case is that of a typical entrepreneur started and family run business that experiences success and outgrows its live set-up. Hitherto, Mackenzie thrived on one-off contracts and other local businesses, and his deuce other companies ran much or less the way it did before he acquired them.All collar diverse companies have do financially well, but problems arise when David Mackenzie tries to integrate the operations of these deuce-ace diverse companies to undecomposed a wider range of orders. The problems relate to the diverse structures and problem of co-ordination among between, hindering the capital punishment of projects in a smooth and seamless manner.The options mulled by David Mackenzie is first, float a group of companies in the commonplace exchange, and second merge the lead companies into one company. both these options have their advantages and disadvantages.Advantages and disadvantages of floating the companies in the stock exchangeThe major advant age of floating the Mackenzie group of companies in the stock exchange, which entails converting the hitherto private limited company into a normal limited company (plc), is the ability to raise funds and capital through the sale of securities.The company would be able to sell their shares in the market, and secure large loans easily. Although Mackenzie does not have property-flow problems at present, it might need infusion of finance as it expands and secures more large overseas orders. Mackenzie could purchase Clyde Electric Ltd moreover because the company lacked sufficient capital to acquire its growth, and there is every chance that the situation can repeat itself. Mackenzie does not seem to have huge cash reserves to finance possible expansions through internal accruals.Another advantage of listing the company in the stock exchange is infusion of professional corporate validation that Mackenzie group of companies hitherto lacked. Most of Mackenzies existing orders were po ssibly on the basis on personal efforts and one-off relationships, and highly centralized on the David Mackenzie.As the company grows and secures more international and large orders such a structure would not only fail to appeal to large institutional clients, but in addition fail to sustain the enhanced requirements such as professional decision-making, autonomy, responsibility and the likes.In the present set up all operations would most likely come to a tie-up and the company might even fold up in David Mackenzie is not able to involve himself in the active running of the company for a space of time for any reason.A listed company becomes an independent entity and the board of directors would run the company even in the absence of the Managing Director. An added advantage of listing the company in the stock exchange is get around visibility for the company, which in turn might lead to more orders. An increase in share prices would also add to the wealth of the shareholders, w hich would entangle David Mackenzie.Floating the David Mackenzie group of companies in the stock exchange has its set of disadvantages also. In the present set up, Mackenzie is under no obligation to unveil financial information. A normal listed company would have to publish its financial statements on a regular basis, and this can lure in competition to Mackenzies lucrative market.The need to disclose financial records and other compliance policies requires certified public accountants, and entails a lot of bureaucratic paperwork.The time, money and effort spend on such activities could be better spend on marketing and operations if the company is not made public. Share values tend to reflect the current financial gains, and most public listed companies thereby tend to take decisions that lead to short-term gains even at the cost of long-term interests. The Mackenzie group of companies may also fall into this trap at a time it goes public.In the initial stages of floating a pub lic listed company, David Mackenzie is likely to retain a huge majority of shares. As the requirement for cash to fund expansions and large outperform operations increases, he might be tempted to sell more of his shares in the open market. This raises the possibility of a hostile takeover, or another party who has purchased a large number of shares from interfering and trying to influence the operations and decision making of the company.The advantages and disadvantages of merging the one-third companies into a single entityThe second option before David Mackenzie is to merge the three companies into one single entity. The main advantage of such a merger is removing duplication in works and efforts. At present, each of the three companies has their own marketing, human resource and finance departments, and the administrative functions and expenses duplicate.A merger could avoid such duplications and not only result in pregnant savings, but also increase efficiency and better coor dination. A single marketing department that takes care of the three units, for instance means that the complaints regarding customers having to contact two or three separate marketing departments for a single project would cease.The marketing department would be able to tap into clients in a more effective manner, without duplicating efforts and providing a wider range of service and commitments. An integrated accounts department would likewise solve the issue of duplicate or missing invoices, and lead to better financial control and abstract of profitability of each project.The merger would likely result in the retrenchment of some redundant staff, but this also gives an opportunity to cut down on low-performers, and redeploy performers in a better manner.Another major advantage of mergers is the ability of these three companies to pool in their resources in the form of client database, office space, infrastructure and the like, all of which would facilitate growth.Mergers howev er come with their own disadvantages. Although there would be savings on fixed costs, a merged monolith is likely to have a higher per unit operational cost compared to the per unit operating cost of three separate entities.This will not be a cause for perplexity when times are good and there are plenty of orders, but when economic times go bad and orders diminish, this will have a prejudicious effect and the higher unit cost could make the organization uncompetitive.The merger would also make it difficult to hive off a unit if, in future the unit becomes non-profitable and cuts into the profitability of the entire organization. Three different entities ensure that failure, mismanagement or shortcomings of one unit would not have a significant impact on the other two units. Merger will ensure that activities of one unit would have a significant on the other two units.The administrative act of effecting a merger is relatively easy. The main challenge in the case of the Mackenzie gr oup of companies would relate to integrating the three diverse companies, with three different modes of operations and internal systems.Another challenge is ensuing integration and co-ordinations of the operations of the three diverse units. While a merger would reduce duplication, unless the operational activities re-orient towards the three different sub-units of the new company working towards a common goal, the redundancies and delays in commissioning are likely to persist.

Regular Attendance In University Is Essential Academic Achievement Education Essay

Questions of individual(prenominal) development of pupils and the formation of their prep ardness for time to come nonrecreational activities are keys to the guess and pattern of bettering the work of modern learning institutions.A This is because the initial stage of assimilation with profession comes merely during larning, either function ethical as the mathematical operation of self-government of a immature adult male in lifespan he forms his life and philosophical places, develop individualised methods of work, behaviour and communication.AIn this instance i of the taking jobs is to construct such a administration in educational establishments that will be best for non merely personal development of pupils, solely in either event their professional development as specializers, their preparedness to work.Consequently, more than(prenominal) pressing becomes the job of placing the relationship and mutuality of two procedures the personal and professional developmen t of pupil and the procedure of studying.A That s why it is required to find how the encyclopaedism procedure and attending of college or school come across personal features of pupils their professionalism, willingness to work, deepness of cognition, and a entire success in the hereafter profession.Education is distribute of the procedure of personality formation.A Through this procedure, society transmits cognition, accomplishments from oneness individual to many separate.A During analyzing the pupil is non merely given, but in addition imposes certain points of position, sentiments, societal and cultural orders.A The learning procedure is aimed at the socialisation of the person, but well-nightimes it interferes with the authentic involvements of the pupil. For illustration, some pupils prefer the procedure of self-cultivation and non go toing schools or college, but instead choose learnedness by correspondence or blank space learning.ABesides the promotion of engi neering, utilizing computing machine web to depict talks and to upload tell apart contents has facilitated pupils in an online larning environment to entree stuff and to reiterate classroom experience after grade, or even without go toing category. Concern for betterments in pupil acquisition has attracted a big sum of literature in hunt for the correlativity of category attending and pupil in the public eye(predicate) presentation, peculiarly in the present clip when about eachthing is accessible online.But here the inquiry arises how wakeless is that steering? A Besides, some pupils do non go to school or college because it is a uncivilized of clip for them.A However, in the hereinafter, these pupils will mark to work, and their professional cognition and accomplishments are in question.A Consequently, there is a redbird inquiry how attending of the university or college affects the professionalism and success in the future work of the pupil?Nowadays a batch of schools and colleges dedicate introduced a policy of soused attending, that means tout ensemble pupils must go to categories, and some(prenominal) parents and instructors must command that procedure. These policies of unmitigated attending have caused a batch of statements for and against.This idea will meditate the wideness of attending policy at schools and colleges, and its importance for pupils public presentation and good professional accomplishments. The paper will show three points of position one back uping squiffy attending policy, A one who is opposed to attending policy, and one that plunder dole out either side.The importance of attending in the acquisition procedureThe traditional signifier of instruction is the internal signifier, when pupils should purely go to categories, talks and seminars.A Most pupils continue to take this signifier of instruction despite the troubles of economic nature during 5 old ages pupils will non be fitting to work integral clip, and will form to give most of the clip to studying.AIn this paper we interpret the importance of such signifier of instruction for pupils, and in peculiar the importance of attending of categories for their future professional activities.The chief intent of full-time instruction, when pupils attend categories, is that the acquisition procedure should give pupils a certain system of cognition, should work out a certain manner of thought, should give pattern of progressive attempts to obtain and implement the cognition. This type of instruction is the most widely used today and is based on obtaining the cognition and accomplishments downstairs the strategy the survey of new stuff consolidation of the stuff learnt monitoring of consequences and their rating.The chief features of full-time instruction is that A foremost, that instructors give pupils their cognition, experience and accomplishments A secondly, instructors non merely provide pupils with the necessary stock of cognition , but besides instruct them on assorted options of life and occupation state of affairss.This suggests that classes in schools and universities non merely provide pupils with all the necessary information, but besides give the societal facets of educating immature people.A The above conditions are complementary, and give pupils well-rounded development.Based on this, the most common presentation of rigorous attending policy, we should pay attending to some specific characteristics of traditional schooling.A There is a gag that has a deep sense Education is what stay with a individual after he for pass waters everything he was taught .A Indeed, much of the information people get is usually forgotten after some clip, but self-educational and societal facets of larning remain. On this footing, it would be logical to presume, that together with the fine-looking a certain sum of facts and algorithms, the most of import undertaking of instruction is the development of rational capa cities of pupils.From a schoolroom direction point of view, there are many logistical grounds to necessitate attending. stem undertakings are really negatively affected when a group member does non demo up for labs. clan morale is lowered when pupils show up tardily and have no hint of the subject cosmos discussed. Students claiming that coming to category is unneeded to gather good classs influence other pupils, even if they do improvement from go toing category. ( Clump et al. 2003 )However, category expediency is a secondary issue, compared to every teacher s affair to learn her class every bit efficaciously as possible. Learning is a joint and marvelous journey between each pupil, her equals and her teachers. Although the universe of academe is quickly altering with an of all time change magnitude distance- acquisition constituent, the exclusive reading of a text edition ( or observation of a test ) can non be compared in profusion and effectivity of a schoolroom experi ence.To to the full show the importance of lessons attending, it is necessary to give features of pupils who attend lessons. Who is now a regular full-time pupil? A This is usually a immature adult male who understands that for serious work he must hold good cognition and education.A He intentionally chooses a full-time instruction, needing to give all his clip acquisition, get the hanging the profession.A He believes that the acquired cognition will assist to happen work, to take a worthy topographical point in life, to turn in the profession and to guarantee an acceptable quality of life for themselves and their future household.Many research and experiments about the regular attending show that pupils who attend categories achieve better consequences in instruction. For illustration Clump et Al. ( 2003 ) studied the consequence of go toing category in a class in General Psychology, comparing the public presentation of pupils who were present on yearss were given with those wh o were non present. They conclude that go toing category is one of the best things pupils can make with respects to their classs. This is the instance for both the immediate hereafter and for the full class. ( Clump et al. 2003 )The advantages of rigorous attending of categories are the undermentioned1.A It is an chance for direct communicating with the instructors, because the personal doer plays a immense function in any work, and particularly in instruction as from instructor s talks pupils can larn much more than from a text edition or the Internet.2.A Students have clip to see libraries, conferences, and that, of class, deepens the theoretical cognition, which is a necessary for professional competence.3.A Full-time pupils have more chances to recognize themselves in the module and the institute s activities, that is to take part in the informal life of the university.A This is of great importance for pupils, because it is the experience of public addresss, studies and othe r types of professional activity, which is of import for their future calling.2. Arguments against policy of rigorous attendingAlthough the statements for utilizing an attending policy are obliging, there are many research workers who provide every bit compelling statements against attending policies.Unfortunately, attending policy has some defects, particularly they are of import in our times, when grants are little, and the chance to work for pupils is excluded because of deficiency of clip. Of class, full-time instruction provides fewer chances for parttime occupation, as categories at the institute, as a regulation, take clip from nine oclock in the forenoon to five oclock in the evening day-to-day, except weekends. So when some pupils are forced to look for occupations, they have less clip for good perusal, regular visits of talks, seminars and libraries.another(prenominal) of import ground of statements against rigorous attending is that many pupils presents can hold bad welln ess, and some unwellnesss that do non let to regular attend categories. For illustration kids with diabetes, bosom diseases, fleshiness, and some other chronic diseases can often experience non good plenty to travel to school or college, and they really often stay at place. Health jobs truly prevent pupils from regular and rigorous attending, and that statement can be the most strong.When lecture about the rigorous attending policy, it is necessary to take into consideration numerous personal factors of pupils, that this policy can non supply. These grounds can be taking attention of brothers and sisters, some active athletics activity, psychological jobs and legion household factors.Besides among the most common ground of bad lessons attending is motive and duty of pupils. sometimes disciple semen to high school for really different grounds, for illustration when parents make them to make this.A These pupils frequently failed to see an independent life after graduation, and do non understand why they need certain cognition, what they pauperization in the hereafter profession.A This leads to infantile attitude to educational procedure, focal point on formal reposition from some pupils and the desire to merely acquire a good class, or faux pas from others.ASome of the hostile judgment for implementing an attending policy is that it assumes that pupils can non judge what is good for them, and that they, non the teacher should make up ones brain if they should go to a peculiar category on a peculiar twenty-four hours. To do a rational determination to go to or jump category, a pupil must judge the value of each of these two options. But, it is in the human nature that immediate necessities are preferred over long-term advantages ( Kahn et al. , 2004 ) . To presume that a immature individual can appreciate the long-run value of instruction is a weighty premise. Of class, the state of affairs is altering in senior classs, when pupil normally already hol d a professional involvement, and get down to believe about future employment.In all instances, any determination seems rational from the point of view of the individual taking it. In the instance of category attending, pupils may jump category for grounds that have nil to make with breaking their acquisition. If the pupil is viewed merely as the teacher s client, so any pupil determination is, by definition, right. In both instances, it is a pupil s determination.The 3rd fluctuation of the attending policy is optionalA attending policyAOptionalA attending policyA is an unfastened educational chance for pupils. A good illustration of optional policy is distant acquisition. A pupil who takes portion in such plan surveies the same course of study and takes the same test as other A pupils, but heA does notA hold to go to the categories because everything, including talks, books, stuffs are available in the cyberspace.Such pupils do non hold to go to regular categories, so they can sa lvage a batch of clip and money to acquire to college. Students do non hold to acquire up early, to take coachs to gat to college from far off, no more waste clip like this. Alternatively studentsA merely stay at place and doA prep.The chief advantage of distance acquisition is the handiness of preparation and deficiency of demand for attendance.A Distance acquisition is designed for a class of people who, for nonsubjective grounds can non utilize the traditional signifier of training.A These classs include, for illustration, pupils with disablements to wellness, or pupils who need to conflate preparation and work.Decision and my attitude to the subjectThis paper shows that there are different point position on the rigorous categories attending policy, that like a shot is introduced in many colleges and schools.The first point is back uping rigorous attending policy, that have adequate and consistent grounds to reason that pupil attending is of import for acquiring good cognition, accomplishments, it improves student academic public presentation and professional features. The 2nd point of position is based on statements against rigorous attending, that is unrealistic for a batch of pupils. The 3rd point of position touches upon the subject of flexible optional policies, the illustration of which is distance instruction. There are a batch of points back uping the advantages of distance acquisition, stating that this is non merely a pleasant signifier of acquisition, but besides a serious option to the traditional signifier in the hereafter harmonizing to the American Association for Research in Education ( American Educational Research Association ) , in 2010 about two-thirds of the pupils will take it.I to the full agree about the importance of attending policy, as I m certain that college or school attending gives pupils plentifulness of chances to acquire cognition, accomplishments that are necessary for future profession. Such pupils have far more chanc es non merely to acquire information relevant to the future occupation, but to develop their ain accomplishments and endowments.The decision may be that the chief aim of any instruction is to learn people to believe independently, to learn pupils the chosen topics and professions.A But accomplishing such a end is impossible to conceive of without the activity of pupils interested in the consequences of their preparation. Not the last factor for successful instruction is the personal features of the person, who must hold a clear motivation.A It s no secret that the traditional signifier of acquisition and rigorous attending aid pupil in many ways supervising the acquisition procedure, every bit good as common aid and support from pupils and instructors.In decision I would wish to observe that the pick of full-time instruction is a major measure for the hereafter of the pupil and his family.A It is hard, but the most productive and promising manner of geting a profession.A More and mo re immature people nowadays understand that lessons attendance opens new chances for self-fulfillment, happening good occupation, traveling up the societal ladder, supplying a nice criterion of life.

Educational Opportunity Program Essay

The State University of invigorated York Educational Opportunity course of instruction was created by the nominate of New York in lodge to bring home the bacon access, academic support and financial maintenance to students who may not otherwise be admitted to state ammonia alum programs. This program f boths under state university guidelines within the state goernment so there are specific enrollment rules such as the necessity of being a New York State resident at the time of application. The website for the program is http//www.suny. edu/ assimilator/academic_eop. cfm.Mission The mission of the State University of New York Educational Opportunity Program is to provide access to graduate take education. This program focuses on students who show promise within their chosen field but who may not have access to a graduate education. The EOP program carefully considers all applicants but gives orientation to students who are ineligible for enrollment under standard guidelines and/or come from disadvantaged backgrounds.Further, the program is designed to support students financially and academically in order to give them an opportunity to manage a higher(prenominal) education degree while also providing the support necessary to live up to their full potential. Resources The almost important resource that the State University of New York Educational Opportunity Program provides is a graduate level education. scholarly persons who are part of the program receive support function including academic, career and personal counseling services as well as tutoring and additional instruction if necessary.The EOP program also provides financial supporter for non study related expenses such as books and school supplies. However, the most important resource that the program offers is the monetary aid necessary to enroll in and complete a graduate level course of study. Good and service While the State University New York Educational Opportunity Program does no t provide tangible goods it does provide essential services to its more than ten thousand current students as well as its over fifty thousand alumni.The purpose of the services offered is to provide the tools necessary for economically or racially disadvantaged students to complete graduate level courses of study. These services help these students overcome the educational challenges they calculate in order to obtain higher education and go on to live successful and productive lives. To this end, the EOP program is customized to converge the academic, career and personal needs of all students through a variety of counseling programs. Further, the services offered are designed in such a way so that students receive the support necessary to complete their degree even when facing enormous struggles.Former students report feeling as if their support mentors enabled them to deal in themselves and to never give up on their educational dreams. Conclusion I chose this program because it is a very important part of the educational success of many disadvantaged students. I believe that all people should have access to higher education but this is not always the reality. Many students face such enormous struggles that they never receive a graduate level degree. This program has enabled many students to move in their dreams of an education through financial, career, academic and personal support. References DiNapoli, Thomas P. (2007).State University of New York Educational Opportunity Program. piece of State Government Accountability. Retrieved on April 21, 2009 from http//osc. state. ny. us/audits/allaudits/093008/07s99. pdf. Henehan, David. (2007). SUNY Educational Opportunity Program celebrates 40 years. The State University of New York. Retrieved on April 21, 2009 from https//www. suny. edu/SUNYNews/News. cfm? PrintFlag=Y&filname=2007-11-02+final+online+EOP+turns+40+II. htm. The State University of New York. (2009). Educational opportunity program. Retrieved on April 21, 2009 from http//www. suny. edu/Student/academic_eop. cfm.

Moby Dick Essay

In this video, we immediately learn of an obsessed captain who needinesss revenge. why does he want revenge and against whom or what? He wants revenge against a white whale for taking his leg. 2.Who is the narrator of Moby puppet and what is the first line of the novel? Ishmael narrates the novel. 3.There are two material Biblical allusions-0 mentioned in the film. To whom do these allusions reference? How are the names significant? the name Ahab describes a king who turns vile. This suggesting that the Ahab of this novel will be a similarly conflicted leader. Also Ishmael shows independence and shows that he just wants to take care of himself. 4.The narrator states that Moby slit symbolizes three different meanings for three different characters. List the characters and the meaning which Moby Dick symbolizes for each of them.Ahab sees Moby Dick as an evil thing. Ishmael sees Moby Dick as just a fish and an evil thing. bandage Starbuck sees Moby Dick as just a fish 5.Why did Mel ville choose to write ab prohibited whaling? Why was the effort significant? He choses to write about whaling because he himself was in the industry. The industry gives light to the world because of the oil from the blubber. 6.What did Melville do when he was 21? He went to sea for whaling for about a year and a half. 7.What conventional writer did Melville befriend while he was writing Moby Dick? Melville befriended Nathaniel Hawthorne.8.Comment on the four harpooners of the Pequod politically, why were they significant? Queequegs dad was a king, Tashtego was an Indian, Dagoo was a African American, and Fedallah was a Farsi or Parsee. They were significant because they have already been to sea and they all want to live a life of adventure, not to mention it is bringing umpteen cultures together for a common cause. 9.What happens to the Pequod towards the end of the book? Ahab? Ishmael? The boat was destroyed by Moby Dick, Ahab was killed by Moby Dick, and Ishmael was found by a whale ship after being washed out to sea. 10.What were the final years of Melville like? He became an employee of the customs house.New York TimesWhy do you speak up Ahab wanted to kill Moby Dick so bad?Why do you think that the captain chartered so many different types of people from different cultures? Why do you think that you survived when Ahab didnt?Why was Moby Dick gunning for Ahab?How was it possible for the ship to be destroyed by a whale?-0 http//learn.flvs.net/webdav/educator_eng3_v13/module3/lesmod03/glossary_3.htm?allusion

Invitational Leadership Essay

Introduction leading, and the take in of it, has its commencement in the azoic civilizations. Ancient rulers, pharaohs, emperors and biblical patriarchs have one thing in prevalent leaders. Although scholars have been determineing this phenomenon for or so two centuries, numerous definitions and theories abound doneout. However, enough similarities exist so as to define leaders as an effort of play and the power to induce compliance (Wren, 1995). lead is a process by which an soulfulness influences otherwises to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more than than cohesive and coherent. This definition of leading is relatively similar to that of Northouses (2007,p.3) And the definition of a leader stipulated by Peter Drucker is someone who has followers. The faculty to influence others is viewent on the power detained.The leaders attitudes would definitely determine the level of productiveness from his employees. A Task Ori entation or Directive Behaviour reflects the concern of a leader for the literal task at hand whereas Employee Orientation or Supportive Behaviours reflects how much a leader is conjure for the peck around him, providing support and encouragement for them. Concurrently, detachable theories have been developed for the field of leadership provided we would be showing more help to the invitational Leadership theory. The research on the effects of invitational Education Theory (IET) in the commandal administrative process is relatively new as comp atomic number 18d to other theories pertaining to leadership.invitational Leadership has a different dimension from the standard theories of leadership that emphasized the process of influencing others through and through the use of power to an alternative leadership style that promotes collaboration and show friendliness and celebrate for individuals in the educational system. This study comprises of two parts. Firstly, we would se e the theoretical introduction of the invitational Leadership, followed a brief compare of the theory with other leadership theories throwing more or less the same characteristics and finally, in what ways the invitational Leadership is more suitable to the educational union. Secondly, we would focus on what the invitational style provides in repartee to the demands of the school sector. Besides, we would see to what extent the invitational leadership is applied to my profession through examples drawn from my yesteryear experiences.-1. Theoretical partInvitational TheoryPurkey (1992, p.5) defines Invitational Leadership asa theory which is a collection of presumptions that judge to explain phenomena and provide a means of intentionally summoning battalion to gull their relatively countless potential in all areas of worthwhile human endeavour Invitational Theory is a modality of professional practice that summons the environment and all relationships create in educationa l and human dispense up organizations. It is a process for communicating caring and appropriate message intended to invite forth the fruition of human potential. It is also a way for identifying and changing those institutional and relational forces that defeat and destroy potential. dialogue is vital for all social relationships or integration. directs, as a social institution, send out compound message systems that continuously inform people of their worth, ability, and power to direct themselves. The concept of invitation derives from the effort provided by those who judge to go across ideas. This involves shaping, moulding and changing. The word invite is a derivation of the Latin word invite. It probably began as vito, which means to avoid or shun. In early Roman society, vito was utilise to express fear of intrusion by other tribes, and to forbid their entry into Rome. As Rome became a dominant force, its citizens felt more secure and opened their b supposes to the wor ld. In epoch, the prefix in- meaning without or non, was added, and the word invite, meaning to receive politely, became common and developed into invite. So by definition, an invitation is a purposive and generous act by which the inviter seeks to enroll others in the vision set forth in the invitation. From this we derive the term Invitational Leadership (Purkey & Siegel, 2002, p212).From an invitational viewpoint, individuals possess the characteristics of being able, valuable and responsible. As such, they are to be treated accordingly. Conversely, we observe a transformation from the appellations used from motivate, shape, reinforce, make, enhance, build, and empower people to that of offer, propose, present, encourage, consider, and summon cordially. Similarly, in the school context, the invitational leader is the one who summons associates to high levels of functioning and presents them with the opportunity to participate in the construction of something of mutual benefit. Ultimately, we find that this something is a procedure to lay down a better environment and a way to eliminate inequalities. Invitational Leadership offer a new perspective, an involvement for positive social mixture. It acknowledges our potential, our integrity, our interdependence and our responsibility to do good. More over, a central division in many an(prenominal) definitions of leadership is that there is a process of influence. Leithwood et al (1999, p.6) say that influence seems to be a necessary part of most conceptions of leadership. Yulk (2002, p.) explains this influence process Most definitions of leadership reflect the assumption that it involves a social influence process whereby intentional influence is exerted by one person or group over other people or groups to structure the activities and relationships in a group or organisation.Yulks use of person or group indicates that leadership may be exercised by individuals as well as teams. Additionally, this flavor is shared by Harris (2002) and Leithwood (2001) who both advocate distri merelyed leadership as an alternative to traditional top-down leadership homunculuss.Invitational leadership as a model of influenceIt git be agreed that leadership involves influence and that it may be exercised by anyone in an organisation. In addition, Cuban (1988,p.193) points out to leadership as an influence process. Leadership then refers to people who bend the indigences and actions of others to achieving certain goals it implies taking initiatives and risks. This opinion demonstrates that the process of influence is focused as it is intended to lead to peculiar(prenominal) outcomes. Furthermore, this notion is reinforced by Fidler (1997, p.25) followers are influenced towards goal achievement. Eventually, a similar concept is used by Stoll and Fink (1996), that of invitational leadership explaining how leaders function in schools. Leadership is about communicating invitational messages to individu als and groups with whom leaders interact in identify to build and act on a shared and evolving vision of enhance educational experiences for pupils. (p.109)At this point, I agree to what Stoll and Fink (1996) said the affair of the leader, in the school, is to deed together with his collaborators towards making the institution an comprehensive school which provides a good education to all pupils, irrespective of their varying abilities. Further to this, communication should be at the base of all decision making to arrive at a consensus between the different stakeholders. As it is stated in the School Management manual(a), the curate should run the school in good collaboration with the Deputy Rector. The Rector or the Deputy Rector, should be open to new ideas put fore by staff or pupils. The internal communication (morning assembly, form period, meeting with students representatives, t distributivelying staff, head of subdivision etc.) of the school should be an open platf orm where leaders create a conviviality atmosphere among for each one individuals, therefore, inviting others to get engaged in the progression of the school.As we have compared the close relationship of Invitational Leadership as being a model of influence, equally, the Invitational Leadership Theory reflects a transformational dimension. Transformational Leadership enhanced the motivation, morale and performance of followers through a variety of mechanisms. These comprise connecting the followers sense of identity and self to the electric charge and the collective identity of the organization being a role model for followers that inspires them challenging followers to take greater ownership for their work, and understanding the strength and weaknesses of followers, so the leader can align them with tasks that optimize their performance.Similarly, the invitational leader invites the followers by communicating to them the mission and goal of the organisation and by accepting the i ndividual personality. As the leader himself is a role model in displaying invitational qualities, he reinforces these qualities among his/her followers. Becoming an Invitational Leader necessitates that a leader become more consciously aware of his or her self and, by so doing, takes responsibility of how he or she defines that self. If we screw ourselves to be leave outing in some implicit in(p) leadership quality, then assuredly we will smash to influence others to join our cause.Furthermore, the invitational leadership enclose these servant types of value excellence, caring, justice, and faith. Review of current publications supports the need for a change in leadership in order to adequately meet the involve of current educational institutions.Becoming an invitational leaderHow can I gain the cooperation of those in my environment so that effectiveness and productivity increase and that our group function more smoothly and effectively? The plainly way is by inviting, sh owing trust, understanding and respect (Purkey, Siegel, 2002). Intimidation and coercion, commonly used getes, are not effective and eventidetually will prove to be counter-productive. They believe that there is only one motivation inside humans and that is an internal drive and desire to realise ones own potential. In short we all want to be more, to self-actualise and to put our talents to good use by committing to something beyond ourselves. This can only be achieved by volunteered and not by pressure. Hence, I can affirm the more leaders are viewed as caring, respectful and supportive, the greater their chances of emancipating the talents and energies of their associates. Those in authority must first begin by making others feel valued if they hope to gain respect and cooperation in return.The first stage toward effective leadership is a wise, rooted sense of self. This means a commitment to find ones own core values. The authors, Purkey & Siegel (2002) put forward that one c annot empower others without first empowering oneself. These two scholars present various ideas for cultivating all vistas of life from physical and psychological to the spiritual and intellectual. Furthermore, the leader has to present a vision of what a successful organization looks like, to set the proper environment in order to move people to drag in the organisations vision and to take on the individual and collective responsibility for the successes and failures of the organization.This would result in a group of self-actualizing individuals, each committed to the purpose and to one another in a livelihood environment. Likewise, the schools atmosphere should be conducive enough so as to inspire people connected to the school to be committed among themselves. Like indicated initially, the leader, that is the Rector or headmaster of the school, is the one to kick in the point of contact between the administration, teaching and non-teaching staff and the students, to create a venues that the personnel would follow. Consequently, the opportunity given to each individual would unleash the potential that reside in them. Similarly, each one would adopt an invitational antenna as they are constantly exposed to it in their everyday situation at school.The ability to contend the people you lead to perform high quality will only continue over time if the leader has developed his invitational side as well. As stipulated in the School Management Manual of the Ministry of Education, Culture & Human Resources, the Rector, as the leader builds and accompanies his teams, providing them with the required support and motivation, listening to their views and their problems and valuing their effort, support and contribution.Walter Bennis, one of our more dynamic thinkers on leadership, has defined a leader is one who is guided by an exciting and specific dream and who enrols others in his or her vision. (Purkey, Siegel 2002) thus, by providing support and motivation, sc hools leaders enroll others by summoning them cordially to realise their potential. Furthermore, support for the importance of values was provided by Stoll and Fink (1996) in their study of leadership in education. They affirmed that successful leaders rely upon a strong set of values to guide their decision-making. We can contrast the decision-making process to the Participative Leadership which is defined by Leithwood et al. (2002) as a leadership style which assumes that the decision-making processes of the group ought to be central focus for leaders (p.12).Invitational Education Theory (IET)As stated by the author of Fundamentals of Invitational Education, the focus of Invitational Leadership in education is on the message transmitted by people, places, policies, programs, and processes (Purkey, 2008, p.7). Invitational education is based on three unplumbed ideas Purkey, W.W., & Novak, J.M. (1996). the elective ethos, the perceptual tradition, and self-concept theory. The demo cratic ethos put emphasize on deliberate dialogue and mutual respect as people work together to construct the character, practices and institutions that promote a fulfilling shared life.(p.9) In this democratic style of leadership, it implies that whoever is concerned or affected by decisions should have a say in those decisions. The perceptual tradition states that events are always seen through the individual and cultural filters people use. Thus an strategic aspect of the inviting approach is to understand and validate the meaningfulness of peoples perceptions and to work with these perceptions to construct shared purposes.(p.10)Self-concept is the image people construct of who they are and how they fit in the world. This system of personal popular opinions is maintained, protected and by the choices the individual makes. (p.10). Invitational education is a mode of functioning by which people are cordially, creatively and consistently summoned to realise their potential. As men tioned earlier, its focus is on the messages transmitted. However, the messages that are exchanged are never on neutral prat as they carry positive or negative, inviting or disinviting connotation.There are four fundamental values, what we advert principles, which give Invitational Leaders direction and purpose. Together, these four principles form a basic set of channelise beliefs. These are respect, trust, optimism, and intentionality. Therefore the four principles take the form of propositions that offer a perspective for addressing, evaluation and modifying the summate school environment. Purkey, W. W.& Novak, J. M. (2008) testify that this standpoint allows Rectors or educators to assume an inviting stance, which is a focused frame-work for sustained action.Respect sight are valuable, able, and responsible and should be treated accordingly. Respect is an important aspect in Invitational Leadership. It provides a new vision based on the process of summoning people cordially to move in more democratic, creative, and productive directions through non-coercive means. A democratic society emphasizes the inherent worth of all people, believes in their self-directing power, and stressed the importance of personal and social accountability. Invitational schools do the same. Purkey, W. W.& Novak, J. M. (2008) stipulates that responsibilities that are shared based on mutual respect and expectations of positive outcomes results in a cooperative relationship that recognizes each persons ability to accept, reject, negotiate, or hold in abeyance the messages sent to them. (p.12)Respect is demonstrated in squeamish behaviours as civility, politeness and common courtesy. Waterman and Peters (1988), in their book In Search of Excellence, reported that a special characteristic of highly successful companies is the courteous and respectful behaviours of their employees. They are good listeners, pay attention to their customers, are courteous and treat people as adults. Respect is one of eight major characteristics that distinguish excellent companies.Summing up, respect is important in Invitational Leadership because it is the quality that enables leaders to be a beneficial presence that has the ability to take a respectful stance toward colleagues literally inviting others into a inversely beneficial relationship.TrustEducation is a cooperative, collaborative activity.Invitational education is based on the fundamental interdependence of human beings. To establish trustworthy pattern, time and effort are necessary. Trustworthy patterns of interaction depend on people who demonstrate the following quality reliability, genuineness, truthfulness, intent and competence.IntentionThe process is the product of making.A decision to purposely act in a certain way, to achieve and carry out a set of goals (Day et.al, 2001, p.34). Is defined as knowing what we intend to bring about as well as how we intend it to happen gives clarity and direction to our wo rk (Stillion and Siegel, 2OO5, p15).OptimismPeople possess untapped potential in all areas of humans endeavour.Invitational educators are committed to the continuous appreciation and growth of all knotty in the educative process (Day et. al, 2001, p. 34).-2. Invitational Leadership in practice in the educational communityThe focus of this study is to examine the invitational leadership style to verify if it provides the necessary skills needed in todays educational organisations. In response to the increased need for excellent management and guidance, many leadership models have been planned and implemented to meet the demanding call for of the educational sector. Following this emptiness in the educational community, the invitational leadership was introduced in 2002 by Purkey and Siegel. Stillion and Siegel (2005) summed up the idea behind this new leadership style, Purkey having studied human behaviour for four decades, proposed that leaders must take an invitational stance in dealing with others and in developing themselves (p.4) According to Purkey and Novak (1996), IET is a model of practice it adopts a systematic approach in the educational development and it provides policies and strategies for making schools more inviting.Major challenges that the school staff usually grammatical construction on daily basis are issues pertaining to the students welfare such as indiscipline, From my observation at school, lack of guidance and clarified direction has served as a tremendous reduction of energy, time, effort and resource. It would prove rough to delegate authority to individuals or self-managed groups when followers do not trust each other, because they will not share information or cooperate in trying to solve mutual problems (Yulk, 2002,p.109). The lack of invitational characteristics in a leader would slow the effective pace of work. An effective leader will work to bring about positive and long lasting change, when change is necessary within orga nisation. By doing so, he would invite staff into collaboration, will work carefully to bring about change in a way that the schools member will not only be involved but would be pleased with the eventual outcome of the change. Schein (2000) discussed, change programs fail because they do not take into consideration the underlying finis.In order for an organisation to survive, it is imperative that strong and healthy relationships are formed. Likewise, these carefully formed relationships can help to formulate a culture of acceptance and desire to achieve excellence. Schein (1996) defined culture as the set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, think about, and react to its various environments (p.236). At the school, the Rector is a vital component in creating the culture. However, the administrators role in understanding that culture is equally important. This creates a sense of ownership and a shared leadership .Respect and trust thus serve as a primary component of an organisations healthy culture. To illustrate this idea, it is important that the Rector, educators and administrators understand what takes place within the school. Invitational Leadership argued that leader cannot create a climate of empowerment and participation if the underlying belief of culture is that everyone must do whatever the boss says they should do. I firmly agree that leadership through coercion and fear is not effective when attempting to create a productive team. Additionally, as stipulated by Purkey & Siegel (2002), messages communicate to people which inform them that they are able, responsible and worthwhile.These messages should be made accessible to every person in the school, conveying the intention of the leaders, so making everyone part of the institution. These messages are corresponded though inter-personal action, but also through institutional policies, programmes, practices and physical environm ents (Day et al., 2001, p.34). Furthermore, Purkey and Siegel (2003) postulate a specific framework by which schools can become invitational by concentrating on the five areas contributing to success and failures. Each one of these elements contributes to the creation of a positive school climate and ultimately a healthy and successful organisation.The Starfish simile by PurkeyInvitational leadership focusses on five areas which contribute to the success or failure of individuals. Purkey refers to it as the Starfish Analogy The starfish lives to eat oysters. To defend itself, the oyster has two stout shells that fasten tightly together and held in place by a powerful muscle. The starfish finds the oyster and places itself on top of its intended victim. Gradually, gently, and firmly the starfish uses each of its five points in turn to keep pressure on the oysters one muscle. While one point works, the other four rest. The single oyster muscle, while implausibly powerful, gets no re st. Inevitably, and irresistibly, the oyster is opened and the starfish has its meal. By constant, steady pressure from a number of points, even the strongest muscle (and the biggest challenge) can be overcome.These five areas exist in practically every environment and serve as a means to invite others professionally (Purkey, 1992, p.7) 1. People Purkey (1992) affirmed that nothing is more important in life than people. It is the people who create a respectful, optimistic5 visibility. 2. Places refers to physical environment of an organisation. It has been suggested that places are the easiest of the five areas to change due to their visibility. 3. Policies- policies refer to the procedures, codes, rules, written or unwritten, used to regulate the on-going functions of individuals and organizations (Purkey, 1992,p.7) 4. Programs play an important role in invitational leadership because programs often focus on narrow objectives that neglect the wider scope of human needs (Purkey, 1002, p.7) 5. Processes The how something is accomplished (Purkey & Siegel, 2003, p.125). It can be defined as the way that people, places, policies and programs are evident in schools.Purkey and Siegel (2003) refer to these five areas as a means to invite others professionally. They affirmed that the combination of these five areas offers an almost illimitable number of opportunities for the Invitational Leader, for they address the total culture of almost any organisation (p.104)ConclusionThis study was to investigate in what ways and to what degree, if any, an invitational leader impacts the overall effectiveness of the school setting. We focused in the first part on leadership qualities and characteristics which lead to success. We arrived at a common consensus that invitational leadership characteristics do influence the development of successful organizations.The invitational leadership model seeks to invite all enkindle stakeholders to succeed. As noted by Day, Harris, an d Hadfield (2001) invitations are messages communicated to people which inform then that they are able, responsible and worthwhile (p.34)To conclude, it is believed that the invitational leadership model should serve as a practice to emulate in order to achieve positive results in effective leadership in schools. The active use of invitational leadership was proven to be a leadership model that should be considered effective when trying to create a healthy, positive and successful organization.-References1. Asbill, K. (1994). Invitational leadership Teacher perceptions of inviting principal practices. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, School of educational Management, New Mexico State University.2. Day, C., Harris, A., & Hadfield, M. (2001). Grounding Knowledge of Schools in Stakeholder Realities A Multi-Perspective Study of Effective School Leaders. School Leadership & Management, 21(1), 19-42.3. Peters, Tom J. & Waterman, Robert H. (1988), In Search of Excellence Lessons from Am ericas Best-Run Companies, HarperCollins Publishers, London.4. Purkey, W. W & Siegel, B.L (2002). Becoming an Invitational Leader. Atlanta, USA. Brumby Holdings, Inc.5. Purkey, W. W.& Novak, J. M. (2008). Fundamentals of Invitational Education. Kennesaw, Georgia International Alliance for Invitational Education.6. Purkey, W. W., & Novak, J. M. (1996). Inviting school success A self-concept approach to teaching, learning, and democratic practice (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA Wadsworth Publishing Company.7. Purkey, W., & Schmidt, J. (1990). Invitational learning for counseling and development. Ann Arbor, MI ERIC Counseling and military force Services Clearinghouse.8. School Leadership Concepts and Evidence Full Report/Spring 2003. National College for School Leadership http//dera.ioe.ac.uk/5119/2/dok217-eng-chool_Leadership_Concepts_and_Evidence.pdf9. Schein, E. H. (1996). Culture The missing concept in organization studies. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, 229-240.10. Schein, E. H. (2 000). Sense and hogwash about culture and climate. In N. M. Ashkanasy, C. P. M. Wilderom, & M. F. Peterson (Eds.), Handbook of Organizational Culture & Climate (pp. xxiii-xxx). Thousand Oaks, Ca sage Publications11. Stanley, P.H. A Bibliography For Invitational Theory and Practice. RadfordUniversity http//www.invitationaleducation.net/journal/v11p52.htm12. Stillion, J., & Siegel, B. (November, 2005). Expanding Invitational Leadership Roles for the Decathlon Leader. Retrieved January 31, 2006, from http//www.kennesaw.edu/ilec/Journal/articles/2005/siegel_stillion/expand_leadership/exp13. Wren, J. T. (1995). The leaders companion Insights on leadership through the ages. New York The Free Press.14. Yukl, G. A. (2002) Leadership in Organizations, Fifth Edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice-Hall.

Is friar Lawrence to blame Essay

beggar Lawrence is the local Roman Catholic priest who is also an apothecary. He is the confident of two Romeo and Juliet and plays an important role in the fate of both. He is more than aware of the familys feuding and seems to be well thought of by everybody. Romeo respects mendicant Lawrence very much and sees him as a father figure. When Romeo smell outs suicidal when he has just been banished from Verona, the mendicant tells him to straighten up. This is dear mercy, and thou seest it not. When Romeo confesses that he wants to marry Juliet, Friar Lawrence teases Romeo about how fickle in love he is.Is Rosaline, that thou didst love so dear, So soon forsaken? But in spite of this he still agrees to marry the young couple as he hopes it go away end the familys feuding. For this alliance may so happy prove, To bring out your households acrimony to pure love. He only agreed to it because he had their best interests at heart. I dont think he is to blame for marrying them as he did what he thought was right. And even if Friar Lawrence hadnt wed them, whos to say that another Friar wouldnt have married them? Romeo and Juliet both feel as if they can bowl over to him when they are in trouble.We see this when Romeo has been banished, because he stabbed Tybalt and Juliet has been told that she must marry Paris. Romeo doesnt seem as if he is very close to either of his parents but Juliet usually has her nurse to turn to, but even the nurse, in the end the nurse rejects her too. I think it best u married with the county. So in desperation each one goes to Friar Lawrence for help. Romeo is helped by being giving him a hide out in Mantua until Juliet can meet him. Juliet, being ordered to marry Paris, has gone to Friar Lawrence in desperation and has asked for help.First of all the Friar has to help Romeo escape. He allows Romeo to spend one iniquity with Juliet, but onward dawn he must leave. It is at this time that Juliet has been told to marry Paris. S o she goes to the Friar. Friar Lawrence then devises a plan that will ensure Juliet and Romeos happiness. In some ways this shows us the Friars cunning, we are also shown that he is quite a smart man. We know that the friar is also an apothecary, so he gives Juliet a potion, which will make Juliet look as if she is dead.When she is taken to the family tomb, the friar will appreciation until she awakens, and by which time Romeo will hopefully already be there and take Juliet away. While devise this plan he still has the families interests at heart. He is only doing this in the hope that the two families, Montague and Capulet will reconcile. Although it could be argued, that he only helped them because he wanted to save himself. I personally dont think so. I think he would have known that he would have had to cover his tracks before he married the couple.He seems like a prudent man, one that will think things by dint of he would never have married them and helped them elope for sel fish reasons. But the Friar did tell on both the Capulet and Montague parents. And although this was wrong, it was also, in my opinion justified. I think this because he didnt really have much choice. If he had wanted to succeed with his plan then they would have had to be kept in the dark, there was no other way round it. If they had been told, neither parent would have agreed to let their child associate degree with the child of the enemy.Priests do have the best interests of their parishes at heart and they do not lie and deceive people needlessly, but I think in this case it was allowed. Even though everything didnt turn out the way it should have, it achieved the one thing the Friar wanted peace between the families. And although the price remunerative was very high, almost too high, the motivation was honourable he genuinely didnt act selfishly. I think everyone, in the play recognised this including the prince. We still have known thee for a holy man. Friar Lawrence reall y was a decent man, even if his plans did go slightly wrong.

Education - Project Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Education - cast makeup - Essay ExampleThe project was a national offspring meeting characterised by a series of discussion groups involving young people, policy makers and stakeholder representatives. The activities focused on young people discussing youth mentoring issues and presenting their views on backbone issues and themes within youth mentoring. The participants included fifty young people around from the fall in Kingdom, youth practitioners and experts in the youth issues and policy makers. The mentoring academy acted as the lead checkmate in planning and facilitating events. Table of contents Project Report 1 Executive Summary 1 Table of Contents 2 Project Report 3 Participants 3 Context and Origin of the Project 3 Aims and Objectives 4 Methodology 4 Contribution to Non-Formal Learning 5 Involvement 6 Activities-Youth in Action Programme 6 compute 9 Discussion 14 Responses 14 Achievement of Aims and Objectives 15 Impacts of the Project 16 Intercultural Dimension 16 European Dimension 17 Current Issues with Mentoring 17 Mentoring as a Government Policy 17 Benefit to the Mentees 18 Recommendations 19 Conclusion 19 References 20 Project Report Mentoring is defined as a direct non-judgmental relationship whereby an individual dedicates time to support another person. Youth mentoring is a archetype of youth work that is increasingly being incorporated in various youth sectors such as schools, community youth settings and private sectors. The youth mentoring development project provides young people with opportunities to play an agile role in improving the efficiency of mentoring programs. The project was a national youth meeting characteriaed by a series of discussion groups involving young people, policy makers and stakeholder representatives. The activities focused on young people to discussing youth mentoring issues and presenting their views on key issues and themes within youth mentoring. Participants The participants included fifty young people around from the United Kingdom who comprised of 25 males and 25 females youth practitioners and experts in the youth field i.e. Clapham Park Project, Northumberland Park partnership Project, Lambeth Youth Council and Robert Levy Foundation and policy makers such as Mentoring Academy, Great London Authority (GLA), city managers Children and Young Peoples Unit, The Learning Trust, and members of parliament Chuka Ummuna, David Lammy and Diane Abbott. The mentoring academy acted as the lead partner in planning and facilitating events. Context and Origin of the Project The project has originated from collaboration among different practitioners. It was developed by the mentoring academy with the purpose of engaging and supporting youths from the deprived areas of London. Mentoring has established itself as efficient tools in luck young people faced with the dangers of deprivation, enabling them lead a prosperous life. The project has also been populariaed by the fact that most em erging mentoring programs are being led by youth groups and increasingly seek the services of peer mentors. Additionally, minimal research has been conducted on the needs of the mentees and mentors, and standards for mentoring modules yet many practitioners are demanding for this figure of standardiaation. This provided the concept within which the project was developed. Aims and Objectives The principle aim of the research was to ensure that the opinions of the youths were incorporated in development of youth mentorship policies. The objectives